Path: csiph.com!fu-berlin.de!uni-berlin.de!not-for-mail From: eryk sun Newsgroups: comp.lang.python Subject: Re: How to define what a class is ? Date: Thu, 25 Feb 2016 05:21:43 -0600 Lines: 34 Message-ID: References: <56cd64fb$0$9220$426a74cc@news.free.fr> <56cecf47$0$3305$426a74cc@news.free.fr> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 X-Trace: news.uni-berlin.de Zs0czgeaIIiggg3TBC0Dkw8Y6gQz+kg8IZ1QDtANmq3A== Return-Path: X-Original-To: python-list@python.org Delivered-To: python-list@mail.python.org X-Spam-Status: OK 0.000 X-Spam-Evidence: '*H*': 1.00; '*S*': 0.00; 'received:209.85.223': 0.03; 'classes,': 0.05; 'subject:How': 0.09; '"""return': 0.09; 'ast': 0.09; 'subclass': 0.09; 'type)': 0.09; 'python': 0.10; 'def': 0.13; 'thu,': 0.15; '2016': 0.16; 'attributes:': 0.16; 'new-style': 0.16; 'old-style': 0.16; 'received:io': 0.16; 'received:psf.io': 0.16; 'subject:class': 0.16; 'wrote:': 0.16; 'string': 0.17; '>>>': 0.20; 'cc:2**0': 0.20; '2.x': 0.22; "aren't": 0.22; 'pass': 0.22; 'am,': 0.23; 'feb': 0.23; 'header :In-Reply-To:1': 0.24; 'module': 0.25; 'equivalent': 0.27; 'subject: ?': 0.27; 'message-id:@mail.gmail.com': 0.27; 'subject:what': 0.29; 'objects': 0.29; 'classes': 0.30; 'code': 0.30; 'class.': 0.30; 'class': 0.33; 'source': 0.33; 'instances': 0.33; 'lets': 0.33; 'except': 0.34; 'received:google.com': 0.35; 'instance': 0.35; 'instead': 0.36; 'received:209.85': 0.36; '(i.e.': 0.36; 'to:addr:python-list': 0.36; 'subject:: ': 0.37; 'received:209': 0.38; 'to:addr:python.org': 0.40; 'provide': 0.61; 'conclude': 0.84 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20120113; h=mime-version:in-reply-to:references:from:date:message-id:subject:to :cc; bh=O78FZW+g790v1jNRDp1zMf0jkM8UlWCu4fYCipwCd6Y=; b=pfmLz+EXdXA8tXRiZVIGC1EuEMlQ45Y92gRmSYLWBmQRzSiZ6cnGNHQ21iQ90v5OBN mm1Dczy7Ub8ak/8Pwj6kx22Pc8alpFl9GTN90Z8mSXcNj7U0NnIq6cxZPOzqHkWm/XYR Za96cHF7vxFnUUKb3dpk9dogycU33A3kJm6wPZESdnf99mR5ovjIMt21mIFDp7Uc2QnL plmAgU/xLFhAJ2klHbnAij9MsBMgjQ3FnHoz31v4R/SlXCgxUcEncS0FjvfR8fNbqECl zRQ5LTAbUXjqroznFJapDwuQRYzbSs/z+/x7TRZY+LxhPAiTw2ujxNRL4frF9RTxkIZE JE2g== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20130820; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:in-reply-to:references:from:date :message-id:subject:to:cc; bh=O78FZW+g790v1jNRDp1zMf0jkM8UlWCu4fYCipwCd6Y=; b=h59Gg/5rlhsrew0r93Cmn4Zqv+GAnJKqx0244oisgoueDHIeIB5KINzTbnxvrZM8jE BJvG9mRbOIq74XlqyQNOTbdROdBmgVr2l4nCLZdE3CBJYwuz8umWlJwhCBB6DnRQMapK CfstNpYzK9hP9qTM/jU21qB7klrqyo3IDMeGhsTNoW8AAsPWoZrGOFTUN+OY/+I/hd9r CaHNVZpFD8oxo7iciB5NF5Nz9wFpcpsCwyzeUyNjC3Ske22qGZRAld8Ws6SyP30UEIBU sbaoHX/GGOXt6GXSQisKXw4z1itnwtea2fkx7/YoW4LnL+okGbB7/j7b9+ZZT8RuIYIN nQCA== X-Gm-Message-State: AG10YOTovKNprpJ+C29ohRR40cY12ujVJeahwYdUG/l+xwbJKdfjO19ELvURX08yy8IkPWxNw9vM6jzlCa4Dtg== X-Received: by 10.107.135.30 with SMTP id j30mr2861299iod.103.1456399342748; Thu, 25 Feb 2016 03:22:22 -0800 (PST) In-Reply-To: <56cecf47$0$3305$426a74cc@news.free.fr> X-BeenThere: python-list@python.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.21rc2 Precedence: list List-Id: General discussion list for the Python programming language List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Xref: csiph.com comp.lang.python:103492 On Thu, Feb 25, 2016 at 3:54 AM, ast wrote: > So we can conclude that inspect.isclass(x) is equivalent > to isinstance(x, type) > > lets have a look at the source code of isclass: > > def isclass(object): > """Return true if the object is a class. > > Class objects provide these attributes: > __doc__ documentation string > __module__ name of module in which this class was defined""" > return isinstance(object, type) Except Python 2 old-style classes (i.e. 2.x classes that aren't a subclass of `object`) are not instances of `type`. Prior to new-style classes, only built-in types were instances of `type`. An old-style class is an instance of "classobj", and its instances have the "instance" type. >>> class A: pass ... >>> type(A) >>> type(A()) Note that "classobj" and "instance" are instances of `type`. The `isclass` check in Python 2 has to instead check isinstance(object, (type, types.ClassType)). >>> types.ClassType