Path: csiph.com!usenet.pasdenom.info!aioe.org!news.stack.nl!newsfeed.xs4all.nl!newsfeed1.news.xs4all.nl!xs4all!post.news.xs4all.nl!not-for-mail Return-Path: X-Original-To: python-list@python.org Delivered-To: python-list@mail.python.org X-Spam-Status: OK 0.000 X-Spam-Evidence: '*H*': 1.00; '*S*': 0.00; 'say,': 0.05; 'startup': 0.05; 'error:': 0.07; 'interpreter.': 0.07; 'from:addr:ethan': 0.09; 'from:addr:stoneleaf.us': 0.09; 'from:name:ethan furman': 0.09; 'imported': 0.09; 'message-id:@stoneleaf.us': 0.09; 'received:184.172': 0.09; 'received:gator410.hostgator.com': 0.09; 'subject:module': 0.09; '~ethan~': 0.09; 'python': 0.11; 'numpy': 0.16; 'received:69.93': 0.16; 'stuff.': 0.16; 'fix': 0.17; 'wrote:': 0.18; 'module': 0.19; 'typing': 0.19; 'import': 0.22; 'header:User-Agent:1': 0.23; 'file.': 0.24; 'header:In-Reply- To:1': 0.27; 'point': 0.28; 'question:': 0.31; 'trivial': 0.31; 'file': 0.32; 'done.': 0.35; 'but': 0.35; 'there': 0.35; 'charset :us-ascii': 0.36; 'to:addr:python-list': 0.38; 'pm,': 0.38; 'to:addr:python.org': 0.39; 'called': 0.40; 'received:173': 0.61; 'name': 0.63; 'to,': 0.72; 'beats': 0.84; 'subject:Mystery': 0.84 Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2013 12:53:32 -0700 From: Ethan Furman User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:17.0) Gecko/20130106 Thunderbird/17.0.2 MIME-Version: 1.0 To: python-list@python.org Subject: Re: Mystery of module bindings! References: <201304291930.r3TJUTjc009818@pelican.ucsd.edu> In-Reply-To: <201304291930.r3TJUTjc009818@pelican.ucsd.edu> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit X-AntiAbuse: This header was added to track abuse, please include it with any abuse report X-AntiAbuse: Primary Hostname - gator410.hostgator.com X-AntiAbuse: Original Domain - python.org X-AntiAbuse: Originator/Caller UID/GID - [47 12] / [47 12] X-AntiAbuse: Sender Address Domain - stoneleaf.us X-BWhitelist: no X-Source: X-Source-Args: X-Source-Dir: X-Source-Sender: ([173.12.184.235]) [173.12.184.235]:45950 X-Source-Auth: ethan+stoneleaf.us X-Email-Count: 1 X-Source-Cap: dG9idWs7dG9idWs7Z2F0b3I0MTAuaG9zdGdhdG9yLmNvbQ== X-BeenThere: python-list@python.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.15 Precedence: list List-Id: General discussion list for the Python programming language List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Newsgroups: comp.lang.python Message-ID: Lines: 33 NNTP-Posting-Host: 2001:888:2000:d::a6 X-Trace: 1367268102 news.xs4all.nl 15994 [2001:888:2000:d::a6]:50633 X-Complaints-To: abuse@xs4all.nl Xref: csiph.com comp.lang.python:44523 On 04/29/2013 12:30 PM, Peter Rowat wrote: > This must be a trivial question: > > I have "import numpy as np" in the python startup file. > > A file called mod1.py contains "def myfn..." > and inside myfn there is a call to, say, "np.convolve". > > Interactively: >> python > .... (numpy imported as np) > >> import mod1 >> >> mod1.myfn(...) > > Error: global name "np" is not known. > ======= > Why is "np" not known to functions in an imported module ? > ======= > > I can fix this by including "import numpy as np" in any module that uses numpy > functions -- but then what is the point of having a startup file? That "fix" is indeed the way things are done. Modules only know about what they import or create*. The point of the startup file is to have things ready for interactive investigation -- if you use numpy *alot* then having it already there beats the heck out of typing `import numpy as np` every time you start the interpreter. -- ~Ethan~ *Unless you start playing with injection and stuff.