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From: Ian Kelly <ian.g.kelly@gmail.com>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.python
Subject: Re: Making Classes Subclassable
Date: Tue, 5 Jul 2016 08:52:16 -0600
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Message-ID: <mailman.100.1467730382.2295.python-list@python.org>
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On Mon, Jul 4, 2016 at 1:57 AM, dieter <dieter@handshake.de> wrote:
> Lawrence D=E2=80=99Oliveiro <lawrencedo99@gmail.com> writes:
>
>> Some of the classes in Qahirah, my Cairo binding <https://github.com/ldo=
/qahirah> I found handy to reuse elsewhere, for example in my binding for P=
ixman <https://github.com/ldo/python_pixman>. Subclassing is easy, but then=
 you need to ensure that operations inherited from the superclass return in=
stances of the right class. This means that superclass methods must never r=
efer directly to the class by name for constructing new objects; they need =
to obtain the current class by more indirect means.
>
> --> "type(obj)" or "obj.__class__" (there are small differences)
> give you the type/class of "obj".

Another option is a classmethod factory:

class X:
    @classmethod
    def new(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        return cls(*args, **kwargs)

    def method(self):
        return self.new()

class Y(X): pass

Y().method() will return a new Y instance. There's not a lot of reason
to prefer this over type(self)(), but by overriding the classmethod
you can have subclasses that use different signatures in the
constructor but still support the same signature in the factory for
compatibility with the base class. You can also make the classmethod
private, if you wish.