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Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault?

From Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com>
Newsgroups comp.lang.c
Subject Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault?
Date 2024-08-01 13:59 -0700
Organization None to speak of
Message-ID <87jzh0gdru.fsf@nosuchdomain.example.com> (permalink)
References <IoGcndcJ1Zm83zb7nZ2dnZfqnPWdnZ2d@brightview.co.uk> <v8fhhl$232oi$1@dont-email.me> <v8fn2u$243nb$1@dont-email.me>

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Bart <bc@freeuk.com> writes:
> On 01/08/2024 09:38, Richard Harnden wrote:
>> On 01/08/2024 09:06, Mark Summerfield wrote:
>>> This program segfaults at the commented line:
>>>
>>> #include <ctype.h>
>>> #include <stdio.h>
>>>
>>> void uppercase_ascii(char *s) {
>>>      while (*s) {
>>>          *s = toupper(*s); // SEGFAULT
>>>          s++;
>>>      }
>>> }
>>>
>>> int main() {
>>>      char* text = "this is a test";
>>>      printf("before [%s]\n", text);
>>>      uppercase_ascii(text);
>>>      printf("after  [%s]\n", text);
>>> }
>> text is pointing to "this is a test" - and that is stored in the
>> program binary and that's why can't modify it.
>
> That's not the reason for the segfault in this case.

I'm fairly sure it is.

>                                                      With some
> compilers, you *can* modify it, but that will permanently modify that
> string constant. (If the code is repeated, the text is already in
> capitals the second time around.)
>
> It segfaults when the string is stored in a read-only part of the binary.

A string literal creates an array object with static storage duration.
Any attempt to modify that array object has undefined behavior.  (Which
means there's no guarantee that your program will crash.)

Storing the array in a memory segment that results in a trap on an
attempt to modify it is probably the most common implementation
strategy.  Storing the array in writable memory is another, but is rare
these days.  (gcc had an option to do this, but it was removed some time
ago).

If you want a pointer to a string literal, it's best to define it as
"const", so attempts to write to it can be caught at compile time:

    const char* text = "this is a test";

-- 
Keith Thompson (The_Other_Keith) Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com
void Void(void) { Void(); } /* The recursive call of the void */

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relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Mark Summerfield <mark@qtrac.eu> - 2024-08-01 08:06 +0000
  Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Mark Summerfield <mark@qtrac.eu> - 2024-08-01 08:24 +0000
    Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-08-01 11:53 +0100
  Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Richard Harnden <richard.nospam@gmail.invalid> - 2024-08-01 09:38 +0100
    Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Mark Summerfield <mark@qtrac.eu> - 2024-08-01 08:54 +0000
    Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-08-01 11:12 +0100
      Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-01 13:59 -0700
        Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-08-01 22:07 +0100
          Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-01 14:28 -0700
          Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-08-01 20:20 -0400
          Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2024-08-02 01:06 +0000
            Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-08-02 10:43 +0100
              Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Richard Damon <richard@damon-family.org> - 2024-08-02 11:03 -0400
              Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-08-02 14:19 -0400
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-08-02 19:33 +0100
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-08-03 01:31 +0000
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Richard Damon <richard@damon-family.org> - 2024-08-02 22:01 -0400
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Joe Pfeiffer <pfeiffer@cs.nmsu.edu> - 2024-08-03 08:32 -0600
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-08-04 01:05 +0000
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 02:52 -0700
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-13 17:46 -0700
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-13 18:44 -0700
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-15 16:00 -0700
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-15 16:27 -0700
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-08-14 10:33 -0400
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-15 16:05 -0700
          Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Bonita Montero <Bonita.Montero@gmail.com> - 2024-08-04 15:52 +0200
        Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 14:11 -0700
          Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Vir Campestris <vir.campestris@invalid.invalid> - 2024-08-13 15:34 +0100
            Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-13 13:08 -0700
              Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-13 17:41 -0700
              Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-08-14 10:40 +0200
            Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-13 17:40 -0700
              Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-13 18:47 -0700
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2024-08-14 03:16 +0000
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-13 20:49 -0700
  Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-08-01 13:28 +0000
  No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2024-08-01 17:40 +0300
    Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-08-01 19:56 +0200
      Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? candycanearter07 <candycanearter07@candycanearter07.nomail.afraid> - 2024-08-02 05:30 +0000
        Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-02 03:02 -0700
          Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Richard Harnden <richard.nospam@gmail.invalid> - 2024-08-02 13:04 +0100
            Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-08-02 09:59 -0400
            Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-02 11:24 -0700
              Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Richard Damon <richard@damon-family.org> - 2024-08-02 14:42 -0400
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-08-02 14:58 -0400
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Richard Damon <richard@damon-family.org> - 2024-08-02 15:11 -0400
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 08:32 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 08:27 -0700
              Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-02 12:27 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-08-02 23:29 +0100
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-02 16:11 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-08-05 02:06 +0100
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-04 19:37 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-04 19:38 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-08-05 12:03 +0100
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-05 13:35 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-08-05 21:54 +0100
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-05 15:39 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-08-06 12:29 +0100
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-06 12:48 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-08-06 23:59 +0100
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-12 16:18 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2024-08-05 15:44 -0700
              Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 14:38 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-12 14:55 -0700
          Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 14:33 -0700
            Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-12 14:45 -0700
              Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 16:05 -0700
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-08-13 13:08 +0200
                Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-13 13:00 -0700
        Re: No warning at implicit removal of const. Was: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-08-03 19:54 +0200
  Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? James Kuyper <jameskuyper@alumni.caltech.edu> - 2024-08-01 12:02 -0400
  Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2024-08-01 19:39 +0000
    Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-08-01 21:42 +0100
      Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-01 14:13 -0700
      Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Ben Bacarisse <ben@bsb.me.uk> - 2024-08-01 22:40 +0100
      Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Kaz Kylheku <643-408-1753@kylheku.com> - 2024-08-02 00:37 +0000
        Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-08-02 11:36 +0100
        Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 13:47 -0700
      Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-08-03 00:14 +0200
        Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-08-03 17:07 +0000
          Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-03 17:11 -0700
        Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-03 17:07 -0700
          Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-08-04 01:08 +0000
            Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-03 19:58 -0700
              Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Richard Damon <richard@damon-family.org> - 2024-08-04 07:22 -0400
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-12 02:55 -0700
              Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-08-05 06:33 +0000
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-04 23:38 -0700
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Lawrence D'Oliveiro <ldo@nz.invalid> - 2024-08-05 21:27 +0000
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-05 15:40 -0700
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Bart <bc@freeuk.com> - 2024-08-06 16:57 +0100
                Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-08-06 20:40 +0200
          Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2024-08-04 17:20 +0200
    Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Keith Thompson <Keith.S.Thompson+u@gmail.com> - 2024-08-01 14:06 -0700
    Re: relearning C: why does an in-place change to a char* segfault? Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2024-08-13 17:43 -0700

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