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From: Fernando <pronesto@gmail.com>
Newsgroups: comp.compilers
Subject: Re: Why are ambiguous grammars usually a bad idea? Why are languages usually defined and implemented with ambiguous grammars?
Date: Mon, 27 Dec 2021 03:56:35 -0800 (PST)
Organization: Compilers Central
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Hi Roger,

One problem with ambiguous grammars is that ambiguities might confuse the
semantics of the programming language. One example is with the associativity
and precedence of operators. Concerning associativity, the ambiguous grammar
below does not specify if subtraction is left or right associative:

E ::= E - E | num

And, there is this classic example from C-like languages involving conditional
statements:

<cmd> ::= if <bool_expr> then <cmd>
       |  if <bool_expr> then <cmd> else <cmd>

What would be the meaning of a statement like the one below? Depending on how
you fix the ambiguity, it's possible to make the else refer to the innermost
or the outermost conditional.

if (a > b) then if (c > d) then print(1) else print(2)

Regards,

Fernando