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Groups > comp.arch > #108284 > unrolled thread

Tonights Tradeoff

Started byRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
First post2024-09-06 22:27 -0400
Last post2025-11-13 07:24 +0000
Articles 20 on this page of 908 — 33 participants

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Contents

  Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-06 22:27 -0400
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-07 14:41 +0000
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-07 23:22 -0400
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-08 18:06 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-09 23:59 -0400
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-09-10 02:00 -0500
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-10 10:58 -0400
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-09-10 16:07 -0500
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-11 09:54 -0400
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2024-09-11 08:48 -0700
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-11 21:32 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-11 23:37 -0400
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-12 16:46 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-12 15:28 -0400
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-12 20:46 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-09-13 11:08 -0400
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-13 17:09 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-09-11 18:44 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-11 21:30 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-11 21:28 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2024-09-12 05:37 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-09-12 03:21 -0500
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-12 06:21 -0400
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-11 21:27 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-15 03:13 -0400
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-16 01:45 -0400
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-24 16:03 -0400
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-24 20:38 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-26 04:13 -0400
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-09-26 14:11 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-09-27 08:58 -0400
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 00:04 -0400
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-04 06:19 +0000
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 11:54 -0400
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-05 09:43 +0000
                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-09 06:44 -0400
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2024-10-09 14:43 +0000
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-09 16:19 +0000
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-09 15:37 -0400
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 14:10 -0500
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 05:38 -0400
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-12 18:50 +0000
                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 15:14 -0500
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 18:20 -0400
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-12 23:28 +0000
                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - ATOM Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-13 02:46 -0400
                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - ATOM mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-13 18:19 +0000
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-12 20:36 -0500
                                              Page fetching cache controller Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-10-31 05:18 -0400
                                                Re: Page fetching cache controller mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-31 19:11 +0000
                                                Re: Q+ Fibonacci Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2024-11-05 23:30 -0500
                                                  Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-16 23:42 -0400
                                                    Re: register sets Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-04-16 23:26 -0700
                                                      Re: register sets scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-04-17 13:35 +0000
                                                        Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-17 14:24 -0400
                                                        Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-17 18:26 +0000
                                                          Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-17 21:56 -0400
                                                            Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-18 17:12 +0000
                                                              Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-20 02:44 -0400
                                                                Re: auto predicating branches Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-20 21:26 -0400
                                                                  Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-21 06:05 +0000
                                                                    Is an instruction on the critical path? (was: auto predicating branches) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-21 13:39 +0000
                                                                    Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-21 17:29 +0000
                                                                      Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-22 05:10 +0000
                                                                        Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-22 11:23 -0400
                                                                          Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-22 17:31 +0000
                                                                            Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-22 22:32 +0000
                                                                              Re: auto predicating branches Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-04-22 22:59 -0400
                                                                                Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-23 18:09 +0000
                                                                                  Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-24 10:10 -0400
                                                                                    Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-25 20:51 +0000
                                                                                Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-24 09:47 -0400
                                                                              Re: auto predicating branches anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-04-23 17:44 +0000
                                                                                Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-23 21:34 +0000
                                                                                  Re: asynch register rename Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-23 23:31 -0400
                                                                                    Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-27 07:36 -0400
                                                                                      Re: fractional PCs mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-27 20:53 +0000
                                                                                        Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-27 22:32 -0400
                                                                                          Re: fractional PCs EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-28 10:06 -0400
                                                                                            Re: fractional PCs EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-28 10:50 -0400
                                                                                            Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-28 22:35 -0400
                                                                                              Re: fractional PCs mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-29 21:39 +0000
                                                                                                Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-30 01:21 -0400
                                                                                                  Re: fractional PCs Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-04-30 18:09 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-30 19:00 -0400
                                                                                                    Re: fractional PCs EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-05-02 11:18 -0400
                                                                                                      Re: fractional PCs moi <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-05-02 17:03 +0100
                                                                                                        Re: fractional PCs EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-05-02 13:22 -0400
                                                                                                          Re: fractional PCs moi <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-05-02 20:01 +0100
                                                                                                        Re: millicode, extracode, fractional PCs John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-05-02 17:26 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: millicode, extracode, fractional PCs moi <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-05-02 20:00 +0100
                                                                                                  Re: fractional PCs mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-30 19:04 +0000
                                                                                          Re: fractional PCs mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-28 22:02 +0000
                                                                                            Re: fractional PCs Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-04-28 22:00 -0400
                                                                                              Re: control co-processor Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-05-05 00:40 -0400
                                                                                                Re: control co-processor Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-05-05 03:01 -0700
                                                                                                  Re: control co-processor scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-05-05 13:46 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: control co-processor Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-05-05 10:02 -0400
                                                                                                      Re: control co-processor scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-05-05 16:19 +0000
                                                                                                        Scan chains (was: control co-processor) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-05-06 23:12 -0400
                                                                                                          Re: Scan chains (was: control co-processor) Al Kossow <aek@bitsavers.org> - 2025-05-06 21:08 -0700
                                                                                                            Re: Scan chains Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-05-07 10:58 -0400
                                                                                                          Re: Scan chains mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-05-07 16:57 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Scan chains Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-05-07 15:03 -0400
                                                                                                              Re: Scan chains mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-05-08 01:04 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Scan chains mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-15 17:21 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: control co-processor mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-05-06 22:17 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: control co-processor EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-05-06 19:58 -0400
                                                                                                          Re: control co-processor mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-05-07 16:44 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: control co-processor mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-15 17:09 +0000
                                                                                Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-25 13:19 -0400
                                                                            Re: auto predicating branches EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-04-24 08:54 -0400
                                                                        Re: auto predicating branches mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-04-22 16:45 +0000
                                                        Re: register sets John Savard <quadibloc@invalid.invalid> - 2025-07-15 04:56 +0000
                                                          Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-15 17:16 +0000
                                                            Re: register sets Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-07-19 08:18 -0400
                                                              Re: register sets anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-07-19 16:37 +0000
                                                                Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-19 20:02 +0000
                                                    Re: register sets John Savard <quadibloc@invalid.invalid> - 2025-07-15 04:49 +0000
                                                      Re: register sets scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-07-15 14:10 +0000
                                                      Re: register sets mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2025-07-15 17:14 +0000
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Carry and Overflow EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2024-10-15 09:49 -0400
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2024-10-13 16:43 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2024-10-04 12:28 -0500
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Background Execution Buffers mitchalsup@aol.com (MitchAlsup1) - 2024-10-05 23:02 +0000
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-28 23:52 -0400
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-10-29 00:14 -0700
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 08:41 -0400
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 08:50 -0400
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 13:04 -0500
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-29 17:44 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-10-29 11:29 -0700
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-29 22:31 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-30 16:10 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-30 12:29 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-30 16:46 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-10-30 23:39 +0200
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-30 22:19 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-10-31 00:57 +0200
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-10-31 14:48 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-31 13:21 -0500
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-31 14:32 -0500
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 02:21 -0600
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 10:06 -0500
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 14:58 -0600
                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 16:56 -0500
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 17:21 -0600
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-10-31 21:12 +0100
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-30 22:00 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-01 19:18 +0000
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 04:29 -0500
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-29 18:47 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-10-29 13:05 -0700
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-29 21:52 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 15:58 -0500
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 18:26 -0400
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 18:48 -0500
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-10-29 18:15 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 14:02 -0500
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 18:01 -0400
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-10-30 07:13 +0000
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-10-30 13:53 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-10-30 17:58 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-30 22:06 +0000
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-29 18:33 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-10-29 18:20 -0400
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-10-30 16:09 +0000
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-10-31 21:09 +0100
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-01 18:19 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-01 21:08 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-02 11:36 +0100
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-02 15:56 +0200
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-02 16:09 +0100
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-02 18:14 +0200
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-02 20:19 +0100
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-03 15:22 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-03 11:53 -0600
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-03 23:04 +0200
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-04 15:19 +0000
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-04 17:41 +0200
                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-04 17:12 +0000
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 20:16 +0100
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-04 07:47 -0800
                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 16:52 +0100
                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-04 18:54 +0200
                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 20:13 +0100
                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-04 21:07 +0000
                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 22:52 +0100
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-05 11:18 +0200
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-05 15:42 +0100
                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-04 22:51 +0000
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-04 23:43 -0600
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-05 07:13 +0000
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 09:25 -0500
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 20:53 +0000
                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-06 17:44 +0000
                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-05 11:21 +0200
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 10:15 -0600
                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:06 +0000
                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-06 11:24 +0200
                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-06 13:11 -0600
                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-07 14:28 -0600
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-07 22:57 +0000
                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-07 20:23 -0600
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-07 22:18 -0500
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - PI as decimal float Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-08 00:34 -0500
                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - PI as decimal float BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-08 01:30 -0600
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-08 11:28 +0000
                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-09 17:22 -0600
                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-10 02:12 +0000
                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-10 03:40 -0600
                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-10 06:30 +0000
                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-10 08:16 +0100
                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-10 13:54 -0600
                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-11 00:08 +0200
                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-10 21:25 -0600
                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-11 12:02 +0200
                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-11 04:44 -0600
                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-11 14:03 +0200
                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-11 21:34 -0600
                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-12 11:47 +0200
                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 09:24 +0000
                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-13 12:18 +0200
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 18:09 +0000
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-13 20:40 +0000
                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 21:50 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-13 22:13 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-01-26 20:00 -0500
                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-01-28 02:10 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-01 17:51 +0100
                                                                                      Re: Interruptible instructions, was Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-01-28 04:47 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Interruptible instructions, was Tonights Tradeoff Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-01-28 07:34 -0800
                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-01-28 15:34 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-04 22:31 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-05 19:02 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-02-05 14:35 -0800
                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-08 18:22 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-09 19:33 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-09 21:18 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-18 15:51 -0600
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-02-10 17:53 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2026-02-10 14:13 -0500
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-02-11 15:05 +0100
                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2026-02-12 10:27 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-06 15:54 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-16 20:05 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-19 08:02 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-19 05:53 -0600
                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-02-19 19:59 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-19 17:04 -0600
                                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-20 15:14 +0100
                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-19 23:10 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-20 00:06 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-02-19 22:35 -0500
                                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-21 18:41 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-21 20:38 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-22 13:37 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA64 and VLIW, Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-02-22 03:00 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: IA64 and VLIW, Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-22 09:16 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: IA64 and VLIW, Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-22 19:20 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-02-22 11:51 -0500
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-02-22 20:14 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-22 23:08 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-02-23 01:32 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-23 06:55 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-23 21:22 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 and trace scheduling, Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-24 10:41 +0100
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2026-03-01 21:12 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-03 11:22 -0500
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-03-03 20:19 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-20 15:29 -0600
                                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-20 23:49 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-21 01:00 -0600
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-21 20:15 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-21 14:59 -0600
                                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-21 22:56 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-24 17:32 -0600
                                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-02-22 21:52 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-26 14:54 -0600
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-27 19:27 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-02-27 19:57 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-27 16:14 -0600
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-27 17:01 -0600
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-28 16:57 +0100
                                                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-02-28 17:36 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-01 12:18 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-01 19:19 +0100
                                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-01 20:24 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2026-03-01 07:55 -0800
                                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-28 16:41 +0100
                                                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 05:38 -0500
                                                                                                    IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-21 16:18 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-21 20:28 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-22 13:17 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-22 17:05 +0200
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-23 08:06 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-23 13:03 +0200
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-24 10:46 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-02-24 12:30 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-24 18:26 +0200
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-25 08:17 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-23 13:44 +0200
                                                                                                                large binary array searches (was: IA-64) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-24 09:50 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-24 17:23 +0200
                                                                                                                    Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-24 17:30 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-24 22:22 +0200
                                                                                                                      Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-02-25 15:07 +0200
                                                                                                                        Re: large binary array searches (was: IA-64) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-25 18:32 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-02-23 21:33 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-02-23 10:14 -0800
                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-24 11:25 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-02-24 07:51 -0800
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-25 07:33 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-02-26 09:08 -0800
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-02-27 09:52 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-02-28 10:08 -0800
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-01 21:13 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-03 09:15 -0800
                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-03 17:37 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-03 09:53 -0800
                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-03 19:01 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-03 11:35 -0800
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-03 21:55 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-04 07:44 -0800
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-04 15:57 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-04 20:06 +0200
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-04 20:15 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-06 14:06 -0600
                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-07 01:49 +0000
                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-07 15:03 -0600
                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 00:28 +0200
                                                                                                                                          Re: Page size in root pointer Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 05:16 -0400
                                                                                                                                            Re: Page size in root pointer MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-08 20:54 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Page size in root pointer BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 16:37 -0500
                                                                                                                                            Re: Page size in root pointer Brett <ggtgp@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-09 04:50 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Page size in root pointer Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-09 03:01 -0400
                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-08 12:13 +0100
                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 13:37 +0200
                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-08 15:10 +0100
                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 18:30 +0200
                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-08 19:39 +0100
                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 21:03 +0200
                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-08 18:59 +0000
                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 14:34 -0500
                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-15 16:09 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-03-17 01:11 +0000
                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-17 21:39 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 21:57 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-03-17 23:27 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-17 20:38 -0400
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-17 21:00 -0400
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-18 15:56 +0000
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-18 17:30 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 15:51 -0500
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-18 21:41 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-18 21:49 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 19:20 +0000
                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-17 15:48 -0400
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 21:51 +0000
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-17 18:06 -0400
                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 15:14 -0500
                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-19 22:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-20 04:49 -0500
                                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Torbjorn Lindgren <tl@none.invalid> - 2026-03-20 14:03 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-20 17:04 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-20 16:26 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-20 17:31 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-20 18:56 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-20 16:20 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-20 14:39 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-21 15:20 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-21 13:31 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-21 13:47 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-22 13:05 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-20 19:35 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-20 15:09 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-21 15:35 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-21 23:51 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-22 02:48 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-22 13:20 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-22 15:34 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-22 16:59 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-22 13:10 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-22 16:34 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-23 11:14 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-20 21:19 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-21 18:52 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-21 18:44 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-22 00:54 +0200
                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-08 21:08 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-08 10:56 -0400
                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-08 12:53 -0400
                                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-08 19:43 +0100
                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-08 21:18 +0000
                                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 17:06 -0500
                                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-08 17:18 -0400
                                                                                                                                                  multi-bit per cell RAM (was: IA-64) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-09 08:04 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 14:19 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-04 18:51 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Torbjorn Lindgren <tl@none.invalid> - 2026-03-05 12:57 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-27 18:55 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-02-28 21:49 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-02 17:12 -0800
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-03 02:34 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-04 09:22 -0500
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-04 07:19 -0800
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-04 19:03 +0100
                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-04 20:25 +0200
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-04 19:38 +0100
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-04 21:17 +0200
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2026-03-04 11:49 -0800
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-07 23:48 +0200
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-07 13:21 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-07 19:03 +0200
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-08 08:27 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-08 13:15 +0200
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-08 12:36 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2026-03-04 21:07 +0000
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-04 23:35 +0200
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-04 23:46 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-05 12:07 +0200
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-05 17:49 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-05 12:22 +0200
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-07 13:29 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-07 19:19 +0200
                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-07 19:07 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-07 21:21 +0200
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-05 11:07 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-05 14:47 -0500
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-06 20:08 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2026-03-05 08:36 -0800
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-05 12:02 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-05 17:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-05 14:18 -0500
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-05 19:41 +0200
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-05 18:10 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2026-03-06 19:52 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2026-03-07 15:53 -0800
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Andy Valencia <vandys@vsta.org> - 2026-03-06 11:34 -0800
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2026-03-07 16:03 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-09 22:42 +0100
                                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-03-12 21:07 -0700
                                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-14 16:27 +0100
                                                                                                                                  Re: GPU books? Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-15 01:07 -0400
                                                                                                                                    Re: GPU books? EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-16 12:06 -0400
                                                                                                                                    Re: GPU books? "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-16 12:34 -0700
                                                                                                                                      Re: GPU books? MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 17:57 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-03-15 14:14 -0700
                                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-16 15:35 +0100
                                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-03-18 01:01 -0700
                                                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-18 17:38 +0100
                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-18 20:28 +0100
                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 21:05 -0700
                                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 Tim Rentsch <tr.17687@z991.linuxsc.com> - 2026-03-23 21:01 -0700
                                                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2026-03-24 09:24 +0100
                                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2026-03-05 02:54 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-26 14:54 -0600
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-27 19:04 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-02-27 19:31 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-28 16:48 +0100
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-01 05:39 -0600
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-01 19:02 +0100
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-01 18:05 -0600
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-02 02:03 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-03 04:24 -0600
                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) jgd@cix.co.uk (John Dallman) - 2026-03-08 17:53 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-08 21:15 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-08 16:43 -0500
                                                                                                          Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-09 13:14 -0400
                                                                                                            Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-09 19:30 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-10 13:04 -0400
                                                                                                                Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-10 18:28 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-11 12:14 -0400
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-11 21:37 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2026-03-12 10:56 -0400
                                                                                                                    Re: IA-64 (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-12 18:15 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-21 23:51 -0500
                                                                                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-01-28 19:19 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-01-29 07:13 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-01-29 12:30 -0500
                                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-01-29 12:30 -0500
                                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-02-01 18:01 +0100
                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-14 14:18 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-14 22:32 +0000
                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-13 14:34 -0600
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 21:58 +0000
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-14 00:43 +0000
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-13 19:17 -0600
                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-14 03:59 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-19 12:53 -0600
                                                                                Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-14 07:18 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-14 18:48 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-14 22:38 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-15 01:22 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-15 01:28 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress (was: Tonights ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-16 14:45 +0000
                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-15 15:36 +0100
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-15 18:04 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-16 14:34 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-16 18:41 +0000
                                                                                      Multi-precision multiplication (was: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-15 18:01 +0000
                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-14 15:00 -0500
                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-15 10:46 +0000
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-15 07:48 -0500
                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-15 18:07 +0000
                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-16 08:22 +0000
                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-16 18:36 +0000
                                                                                            Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-17 02:49 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-17 08:33 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-17 08:17 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-17 17:36 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-17 18:54 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-17 20:58 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-17 23:35 +0200
                                                                                                        SPARC and register renaming (was: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-18 15:16 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: SPARC and register renaming Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-16 17:24 -0500
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-18 08:58 +0000
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-17 18:45 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-17 16:58 -0500
                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-17 18:41 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-18 13:22 -0600
                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-18 13:15 -0600
                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-18 19:28 +0000
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-18 22:25 +0000
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-20 07:33 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-11-25 00:40 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-26 07:53 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-26 12:17 +0200
                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-26 18:08 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 21:00 +0000
                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-18 20:26 -0500
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-19 01:47 +0000
                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-19 07:47 +0000
                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-20 08:05 +0000
                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-23 16:32 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-23 16:51 +0000
                                                                                                            Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-23 17:25 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-23 20:46 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-23 22:40 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-28 20:39 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-28 23:06 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-29 09:29 -0500
                                                                                                                        Re: Interrupt enable down-count Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-29 07:37 -0800
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-29 13:28 -0500
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 19:23 +0000
                                                                                                                        Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 19:05 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-29 15:42 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 22:17 +0000
                                                                                                                        Re: Interrupt enable down-count EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-29 16:10 -0500
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 22:26 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-29 17:45 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: Interrupt enable down-count MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 23:14 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-30 02:17 -0500
                                                                                                                                Re: Interrupt enable down-count Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-30 10:10 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-30 06:29 -0500
                                                                                                                                    Re: Interrupt enable down-count Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-30 06:41 -0500
                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-29 23:37 +0000
                                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 14:14 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-30 15:47 +0000
                                                                                                                            Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 16:39 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-30 18:59 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 22:11 +0000
                                                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-06 00:40 -0500
                                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-06 07:26 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-06 05:13 -0500
                                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 17:31 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 17:29 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-06 18:33 -0500
                                                                                                                                        Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-06 18:55 -0500
                                                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-07 03:29 +0000
                                                                                                              Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-24 18:03 +0000
                                                                                                                Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 15:18 +0000
                                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-30 19:33 +0000
                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-30 22:38 +0200
                                                                                                                    Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-30 22:17 +0000
                                                                                                                      Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-01 00:12 +0000
                                                                                                                        Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-01 07:56 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-01 13:23 +0200
                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2025-12-04 16:54 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-04 18:37 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-05 11:10 +0100
                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-05 14:37 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-05 18:29 +0100
                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2025-12-15 12:30 -0500
                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-05 17:57 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-05 20:10 +0100
                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-05 20:54 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-05 14:55 -0800
                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 17:22 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 15:09 -0800
                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-06 14:42 +0100
                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 17:44 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-08 10:07 +0100
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 20:20 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 15:17 -0800
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-08 10:12 +0100
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-08 04:32 -0800
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 20:06 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-08 20:15 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 21:58 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:37 -0800
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:39 -0800
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-12 23:39 +0000
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-13 09:31 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-13 19:12 +0000
                                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-13 11:46 -0800
                                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-13 21:58 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:47 -0800
                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-06 17:16 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 18:07 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-06 19:04 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-06 21:36 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 16:08 -0800
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-06 21:44 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-07 16:13 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-08 07:25 -0500
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-12-08 08:23 -0800
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-08 17:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 20:35 +0000
                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-08 16:31 -0800
                                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 15:56 -0800
                                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-13 19:03 +0000
                                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-13 11:49 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-13 22:03 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: double alias register renaming Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-14 05:13 -0500
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: double alias register renaming MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-16 20:43 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-17 13:52 -0800
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-09 09:13 +0100
                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-09 19:15 +0000
                                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-09 20:51 +0100
                                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-09 21:28 +0000
                                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-10 10:07 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-12-10 08:51 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-10 20:10 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-11 10:05 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-11 20:26 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-11 20:47 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-12-12 01:41 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-11 18:27 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                            Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-12-12 02:48 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                              Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-12 19:17 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                                Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-12 21:02 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                                  Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-12 22:05 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                                    Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:19 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                              Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 14:22 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-12 08:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                          Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-12-12 13:05 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                            Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-12 15:28 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                              Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) cross@spitfire.i.gajendra.net (Dan Cross) - 2025-12-12 16:25 +0000
                                                                                                                                                                                Re: instruction ordering, was Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-12 21:12 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-11 23:51 +0200
                                                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) David Brown <david.brown@hesbynett.no> - 2025-12-12 08:59 +0100
                                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-11 15:02 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                      Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-11 15:03 -0800
                                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-11 15:00 -0800
                                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-12-09 13:55 -0800
                                                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-09 22:52 +0000
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-08 20:30 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-07 09:30 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-07 16:05 +0200
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-07 16:55 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-12-07 16:28 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-12-07 12:19 -0500
                                                                                                                                                Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-12 15:52 -0800
                                                                                                                                              Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 16:36 -0800
                                                                                                                                        Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-05 15:03 -0800
                                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2025-12-07 14:51 -0800
                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-07 17:48 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-12-01 14:07 -0500
                                                                                                                            Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-01 23:03 +0000
                                                                                                                          Re: Memory ordering (Re: Multi-precision addition ...) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-01 22:50 +0000
                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-02 07:10 -0500
                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-12-02 18:50 +0000
                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-12-02 19:55 +0000
                                                                                                                                Re: Unaligned Memory Access Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-02 21:20 -0500
                                                                                                                                Re: Unaligned Memory Access Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-16 18:04 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: Hardware hardware interrupt Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-02-18 01:04 -0500
                                                                                                                                  Re: Unaligned Memory Access quadi <quadibloc@ca.invalid> - 2026-03-09 03:36 +0000
                                                                                                                                    Re: Unaligned Memory Access Stefan Monnier <monnier@iro.umontreal.ca> - 2026-03-09 11:05 -0400
                                                                                                                                      Re: Unaligned Memory Access John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-03-10 06:07 +0000
                                                                                                                                        Re: Unaligned Memory Access "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-10 17:20 -0700
                                                                                                                                        Re: Unaligned Memory Access Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-13 07:10 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-13 16:14 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-03-14 14:03 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2026-03-14 19:35 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-14 16:30 +0100
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-18 23:02 -0500
                                                                                                                                                Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-19 22:20 +0000
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Float multiplies Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-21 16:58 -0400
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Float multiplies MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-22 16:46 +0000
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Float multiplies Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-03-23 01:31 -0400
                                                                                                                                                      Re: Float multiplies BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-23 04:44 -0500
                                                                                                                                          Re: Unaligned Memory Access anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-14 16:08 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-15 14:12 +0100
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-15 17:36 +0200
                                                                                                                                                Unaligned stores (was: Unaligned Memory Access) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2026-03-15 17:30 +0000
                                                                                                                                                Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-16 15:09 +0100
                                                                                                                                                  Re: Unaligned Memory Access Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2026-03-16 18:01 +0200
                                                                                                                                                    Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-17 17:55 +0000
                                                                                                                                      Re: Unaligned Memory Access BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-03-10 16:41 -0500
                                                                                                                                        Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-11 00:18 +0000
                                                                                                                                          Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-11 16:40 +0100
                                                                                                                                        Re: Unaligned Memory Access "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-11 12:40 -0700
                                                                                                                                          Re: Unaligned Memory Access MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-03-11 21:40 +0000
                                                                                                                                            Re: Unaligned Memory Access scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2026-03-11 21:44 +0000
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2026-03-14 16:23 +0100
                                                                                                                                              Re: Unaligned Memory Access "Chris M. Thomasson" <chris.m.thomasson.1@gmail.com> - 2026-03-16 12:38 -0700
                                                                                                            Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-23 20:16 +0000
                                                                                                          Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-23 20:15 +0000
                                                                                                  Re: Multi-precision addition and architectural progress anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-20 07:55 +0000
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-14 15:57 +0100
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-14 14:39 -0600
                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-13 19:04 +0000
                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-21 15:31 +0200
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-21 13:36 -0600
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-21 22:09 -0500
                                                                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 04:54 -0600
                                                                                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 12:45 -0500
                                                                                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 14:29 -0600
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-22 18:50 +0200
                                                                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-16 19:47 +0200
                                                                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-12-16 17:51 +0000
                                                                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-12-17 12:02 +0200
                                                                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - write port history Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-12-18 21:33 -0500
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 08:50 +0100
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-03 19:03 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 01:41 -0500
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 20:30 +0000
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-02 09:39 -0500
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-03 18:47 +0000
        branch splitting (was: Tonights Tradeoff) anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-04 07:50 +0000
          Re: branch splitting (was: Tonights Tradeoff) MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-04 19:15 +0000
            Re: branch splitting Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-04 22:44 +0100
              Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 00:44 +0000
              Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 01:00 -0600
                Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 01:38 -0600
                Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 20:43 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-08 10:24 -0500
                    Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-09 19:20 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-04-05 06:49 +0000
                        Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-04-05 20:35 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2026-04-06 05:11 +0000
                            Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-04-06 16:24 +0000
                              Re: round mode register Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2026-04-07 22:53 -0400
                Re: branch splitting Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-16 16:14 -0500
                  Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-18 14:45 -0600
                    Re: branch splitting Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-23 17:17 -0500
                      Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2026-02-25 17:40 -0600
            Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-04 15:46 -0800
              Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 02:51 +0000
                Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-05 05:17 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-05 06:44 +0000
                    Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-05 06:55 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-05 10:49 -0500
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 18:14 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-06 20:04 +0000
                            Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 10:32 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-06 16:24 -0500
                            Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 22:53 +0000
                              Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-06 20:10 -0500
                      Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-05 18:03 +0000
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 18:17 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-06 20:07 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 20:24 +0000
                            Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-07 06:55 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-04 22:53 -0800
                    Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 08:46 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-06 12:37 +0200
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 08:08 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-06 07:57 -0800
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 10:09 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-07 08:26 -0800
                            Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 17:15 +0000
                              Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-07 10:45 -0800
                              Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-08 10:31 -0500
                                Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-08 18:13 +0000
                                  Re: branch splitting Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-08 21:47 +0200
                                  Re: branch splitting scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-09 17:06 +0000
                                    Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-09 20:00 +0000
                                      Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-09 21:14 +0000
                                      Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-10 07:46 +0000
                                      Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-10 14:52 +0000
                                        Re: PDP-8 history, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-10 18:53 +0000
                                  Re: branch splitting Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-10 08:27 +0100
                                Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-08 18:25 +0000
                                  Re: branch splitting Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-08 20:56 +0200
                                    Re: jumping around, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-08 21:08 +0000
                                      Re: jumping around, branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-09 13:01 -0500
                                        Re: jumping around, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-09 20:18 +0000
                                      Re: jumping around, branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-09 21:11 +0000
                                      Re: jumping around, branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-11 19:58 +0200
                                        Re: jumping around, branch splitting scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-11 18:48 +0000
                                        Re: indirect chains, jumping around, branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-11 21:10 +0000
                                          Re: indirect chains, jumping around, branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-11 16:06 -0800
                                  Re: branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-08 21:07 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 18:45 +0000
                        Re: label variables, was branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-06 22:09 +0000
                          Re: label variables, was branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 15:26 +0000
                            Re: label variables, was branch splitting Bill Findlay <findlaybill@blueyonder.co.uk> - 2025-11-07 17:54 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-08 10:02 +0000
                        Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-08 18:04 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-08 19:32 +0000
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-08 18:37 +0000
                        Re: goto, was branch splitting John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> - 2025-11-08 21:14 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 02:01 -0600
                    Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:04 +0000
                  Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-05 17:26 +0200
                    Re: branch splitting BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 10:23 -0600
                      Re: branch splitting scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-05 17:22 +0000
                      Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:30 +0200
                        Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:28 +0000
                          Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-06 00:45 +0200
                            Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 18:28 +0000
                              Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-11 18:50 +0200
                                Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-11 14:23 -0500
                                  Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-11 20:44 +0000
                                    Re: branch splitting EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-11 21:16 -0500
                                      Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 08:42 +0000
                                        Re: branch splitting Bernd Linsel <bl1-thispartdoesnotbelonghere@gmx.com> - 2025-11-13 19:32 +0100
                                  Re: branch splitting antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-11-13 01:35 +0000
                                    Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-13 09:45 +0000
                                      Re: branch splitting antispam@fricas.org (Waldek Hebisch) - 2025-11-13 17:35 +0000
                                Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-11 19:46 +0000
                                  Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-11 15:55 -0800
                                    Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-12 00:31 +0000
                                      Re: branch splitting Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-11 17:18 -0800
                                        Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-12 21:56 +0200
                                          Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-12 20:25 +0000
                            Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 22:21 +0000
                    Re: branch splitting MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:24 +0000
                    Re: branch splitting Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-06 11:43 +0200
                      Re: branch splitting Niklas Holsti <niklas.holsti@tidorum.invalid> - 2025-11-06 12:11 +0200
                        Re: branch splitting Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-06 13:14 +0200
                        Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-07 08:06 +0000
                    Re: branch splitting anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-06 17:52 +0000
                Re: branch splitting Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-05 15:27 +0100
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 01:47 -0500
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 02:06 -0500
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 20:52 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 20:41 -0500
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> - 2026-02-07 21:49 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2026-02-09 19:09 +0000
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-03 19:13 +0000
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 09:56 -0500
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-05 21:21 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-05 21:49 -0500
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 18:36 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-05 19:20 -0800
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 18:39 +0000
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-08 14:11 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-08 18:08 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-06 19:38 +0000
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-06 12:14 -0800
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-07 17:29 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-09 14:54 -0800
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-10 02:00 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Stephen Fuld <sfuld@alumni.cmu.edu.invalid> - 2025-11-09 20:03 -0800
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-06 21:59 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2025-11-12 06:20 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-12 08:01 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - constants / routing MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-12 19:22 +0000
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff / Fusing branch ops Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-06 07:44 -0500
    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - Cache-line constants Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-07 22:30 -0500
      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-10 21:56 -0500
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-11 19:30 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-11 21:42 -0500
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-23 03:20 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 23:16 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-22 23:36 -0500
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-23 07:04 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-23 20:13 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-23 23:58 -0500
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-24 20:00 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-25 21:08 -0500
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 20:57 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-26 22:16 +0000
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions "Brian G. Lucas" <bagel99@gmail.com> - 2025-11-26 17:20 -0500
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions scott@slp53.sl.home (Scott Lurndal) - 2025-11-26 22:29 +0000
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 23:53 +0000
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 23:46 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) - 2025-11-28 07:21 +0000
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 20:05 +0000
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-28 06:45 +0000
                          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-26 18:19 -0500
                            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-27 00:08 +0000
                              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-27 00:36 -0500
                                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 19:35 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions George Neuner <gneuner2@comcast.net> - 2025-11-27 00:44 -0500
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> - 2025-11-26 22:26 +0100
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-26 21:58 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2025-11-27 15:50 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> - 2025-11-27 19:16 +0200
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-28 07:17 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-28 02:59 -0500
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-28 12:56 -0500
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 20:41 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 20:09 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-28 19:49 +0000
                  Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions kegs@provalid.com (Kent Dickey) - 2025-11-29 15:48 +0000
                    Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-29 19:11 +0000
                      Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions EricP <ThatWouldBeTelling@thevillage.com> - 2025-11-29 15:08 -0500
                        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-29 22:07 +0000
        Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-11 21:18 +0000
          Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-11 21:46 -0500
            Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-12 07:19 +0000
              Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> - 2025-11-12 20:27 +0000
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> - 2025-11-12 23:59 -0500
                Re: Tonights Tradeoff - NaN boxed precisions Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> - 2025-11-13 07:24 +0000

Page 37 of 46 — ← Prev page 1 … 35 36 [37] 38 39 … 46  Next page →


#114358

FromMichael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com>
Date2025-12-16 19:47 +0200
Message-ID<20251216194756.0000439a@yahoo.com>
In reply to#114084
On Wed, 12 Nov 2025 11:47:34 +0200
Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> wrote:

> On Tue, 11 Nov 2025 21:34:08 -0600
> BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> wrote:
> 
> 
> > Going to/from 128-bit integer adds a few "there be dragons here"
> > issues regarding performance.
> >   
> 
> Not really.
> That is, conversions are not blazingly fast, but still much better
> than any attempt to divide in any form of decimal. And helps to
> preserve your sanity.
> There is also psychological factor at play - your users expect
> division and square root to be slower than other primitive FP
> operations, so they are not disappointed. Possibly they are even
> pleasantly surprised, when they find out that the difference in
> throughput between division and multiplication is smaller than factor
> 20-30 that they were accustomed to for 'double' on their 20 y.o. Intel
> and AMD.
> 

Today I tested speed of gcc implementation of Decimal128 (BID-encoded,
of course) on Intel Core i7-14700.
Average time in nsec:
op     Add Sub Mul Div
P-Core  33  33  86  76
E-Core  46  48 121 108

Counter-intuitively, division is faster than multiplications.
And both appear much slower than necessary.


[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#114359

FromThomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de>
Date2025-12-16 17:51 +0000
Message-ID<10hs670$2uaet$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#114358
Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> schrieb:

> Today I tested speed of gcc implementation of Decimal128 (BID-encoded,
> of course) on Intel Core i7-14700.
> Average time in nsec:
> op     Add Sub Mul Div
> P-Core  33  33  86  76
> E-Core  46  48 121 108
>
> Counter-intuitively, division is faster than multiplications.
> And both appear much slower than necessary.

Interesting.  Could you provide the benchmark used?
-- 
This USENET posting was made without artificial intelligence,
artificial impertinence, artificial arrogance, artificial stupidity,
artificial flavorings or artificial colorants.

[toc] | [prev] | [next] | [standalone]


#114374

FromMichael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com>
Date2025-12-17 12:02 +0200
Message-ID<20251217120212.00002ab0@yahoo.com>
In reply to#114359
On Tue, 16 Dec 2025 17:51:28 -0000 (UTC)
Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> wrote:

> Michael S <already5chosen@yahoo.com> schrieb:
> 
> > Today I tested speed of gcc implementation of Decimal128
> > (BID-encoded, of course) on Intel Core i7-14700.
> > Average time in nsec:
> > op     Add Sub Mul Div
> > P-Core  33  33  86  76
> > E-Core  46  48 121 108
> >
> > Counter-intuitively, division is faster than multiplications.
> > And both appear much slower than necessary.  
> 
> Interesting.  Could you provide the benchmark used?

// tb.cpp
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstdint>
#include <time.h>
#include <random>
#include <algorithm>

extern "C" {
void uut(void*, const void*, const void*);
};

static inline
uint64_t umulh(uint64_t a,uint64_t b) {
  return uint64_t(((unsigned __int128)a * b)>>64);
}

int main(int , char** )
{
  const int N_PAIRS = 1000000;
  const int N_ITER  = 17;
  typedef unsigned __int128 u128;
  std::vector<u128> src(N_PAIRS*2);
  std::mt19937_64 prng(1);
  const unsigned EXP_BIAS = 6143;
  const unsigned EXP_SHIFT = 113;
  for (int i = 0; i < N_PAIRS*2; ++i) {
    // generate pseudo-random number in range [1e33:1e34-1]
    const uint64_t RNG_LO  = (long long)1e17;
    const uint64_t RNG_HI  = (long long)9e16;
    const uint64_t BASE_HI = (long long)1e16;
    uint64_t lo = umulh(prng(), RNG_LO); // [0:1e17-1]
    uint64_t hi = umulh(prng(), RNG_HI) + BASE_HI;  // [1e16:1e17-1]
    u128 val = (u128)hi*RNG_LO + lo;
    unsigned exp = EXP_BIAS + umulh(prng(), 50) - 25;
    const u128 exp_val = (u128)exp << EXP_SHIFT;
    src[i] = val | exp_val;
  }

  std::vector<long long> dt(N_ITER);
  for (int it = 0; it < N_ITER; ++it) {
    struct timespec t0;
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t0);
    u128 dummy1 = 0;
    const u128* pSrc = src.data();
    for (int i = 0; i < N_PAIRS; ++i) {
      u128 rat;
      uut(&rat, &pSrc[i*2+0], &pSrc[i*2+1]);
      dummy1 ^= rat;
    }
    if (dummy1 == 42)
      printf("Blue Moon\n");
    struct timespec t1;
    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t1);
    dt[it] = (t1.tv_sec - t0.tv_sec)*(long long)(1e9) + (long
  long)t1.tv_nsec - (long long)t0.tv_nsec; }
  // find median
  std::nth_element(&dt[0], &dt[N_ITER/2], &dt[N_ITER]);
  long long dt_med = dt[N_ITER/2];
  printf("%.1f nsec\n", (double)dt_med / N_PAIRS);

  return 0;
}
// end tb.cpp


// gcc_dec128add.c
#include <string.h>

void uut(void* pRes, const void* pA, const void* pB)
{
  _Decimal128 a, b, res;
  memcpy(&a, pA, sizeof(a));
  memcpy(&b, pB, sizeof(b));
  res = a + b;
  memcpy(pRes, &res, sizeof(res));
}
// end gcc_dec128add.c

// gcc_dec128sub.c
#include <string.h>

void uut(void* pRes, const void* pA, const void* pB)
{
  _Decimal128 a, b, res;
  memcpy(&a, pA, sizeof(a));
  memcpy(&b, pB, sizeof(b));
  res = a - b;
  memcpy(pRes, &res, sizeof(res));
}
// end gcc_dec128sub.c

// gcc_dec128mul.c
#include <string.h>

void uut(void* pRes, const void* pA, const void* pB)
{
  _Decimal128 a, b, res;
  memcpy(&a, pA, sizeof(a));
  memcpy(&b, pB, sizeof(b));
  res = a * b;
  memcpy(pRes, &res, sizeof(res));
}
// end gcc_dec128mul.c

// gcc_dec128div.c
#include <string.h>

void uut(void* pRat, const void* pNum, const void* pDen)
{
  _Decimal128 den, num, rat;
  memcpy(&num, pNum, sizeof(num));
  memcpy(&den, pDen, sizeof(den));
  rat = num / den;
  memcpy(pRat, &rat, sizeof(rat));
}
// end gcc_dec128div.c


Build script
COPT="-O2 -Wall -march=haswell -mtune=skylake"
mkdir -p obj
mkdir -p out
g++ -c $COPT tb.cpp -o obj/tb.o
gcc -c $COPT gcc_dec128add.c -o obj/gcc_dec128add.o
gcc -c $COPT gcc_dec128sub.c -o obj/gcc_dec128sub.o
gcc -c $COPT gcc_dec128mul.c -o obj/gcc_dec128mul.o
gcc -c $COPT gcc_dec128div.c -o obj/gcc_dec128div.o
g++ -s obj/tb.o obj/gcc_dec128add.o -o out/tst_add.exe
g++ -s obj/tb.o obj/gcc_dec128sub.o -o out/tst_sub.exe
g++ -s obj/tb.o obj/gcc_dec128mul.o -o out/tst_mul.exe
g++ -s obj/tb.o obj/gcc_dec128div.o -o out/tst_div.exe




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#114409 — Re: Tonights Tradeoff - write port history

FromRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
Date2025-12-18 21:33 -0500
SubjectRe: Tonights Tradeoff - write port history
Message-ID<10i2dh8$rvk6$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#114374
Tonight’s quandry. Can a register file write history be used in 
reservation stations to reduce the number of register read ports 
required on the register file? And would it be smaller, faster than 
adding register file ports?

There are a couple of cases:
1)	The operands were ready at time of queue.
2)	The operands were not ready at time of queue. That means there must 
be an outstanding operation that at some point will update the register 
file.

Operands that are valid at time of queue are stored in the re-order 
buffer temporarily until dispatch. So, it should be possible to update 
the operands in the reservation stations either from the instruction 
dispatch, or later when the value is written to the register file.

An issue arises between queue and dispatch. If a value was updated in 
the register file between queue and dispatch then it will not be latched 
by the reservation station because it does not have the instruction yet. 
If the reservation station has the instruction already waiting then the 
register file write port can be used.

Rather than having more register file read ports, I was thinking of 
having the reservation stations track (snoop) the register file write 
history using a tapped shift register. The only time that must be 
accounted for is between queue and dispatch. So, assuming that 
instructions dispatched within a certain time frame, then using write 
history could work.

I was thinking a 64 deep shift register with several taps could be used 
to supply written values.

It is going to be at least two clock cycles between queue and dispatch 
until operands/instructions are updated in the reservation stations. So, 
the first tap would be at shift 3. Then maybe taps at 6, 12, 24, and 64 
clocks.

There is not usually a huge amount of time between queue and dispatch, 
unless the functional unit is busy. I think the longest operation is <80 
clocks, so in worst case a 128-deep shift register should work.

LUTs can be turned into shift registers up to 64 bits IIRC. With four 
64-bit write ports and 10 bit register tag about 300 LUTs would be 
required for each shift level.

The history could be shared between several reservation stations.


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#113919

FromTerje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no>
Date2025-11-04 08:50 +0100
Message-ID<10ecb81$3g5cd$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#113913
Scott Lurndal wrote:
> Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> writes:
>> Michael S wrote:
> 
>>> I mostly use ULP/Guard/Sticky in the same meaning. Except when I use
>>> them, esp. Guard, differently.
>>> Given the choice, [in the context of binary floating point] I'd rather
>>> not use the term 'guard' at all. Names like 'rounding bit' or
>>> 'half-ULP' are far more self-describing.
>>
>> Guard also works for decimal FP, where you need a single Sticky bit if
>> the Guard digit is equal to 5.
> 
> By decimal FP, do you mean BCD?  I.e. a format where
> you have a BCD exponent sign digit (BCD 'C' or 'D')
> followed by two BCD exponent digits, followed by a
> mantissa sign digit ('C' or 'D') followed by a variable
> number of mantissa digits (1 to 100)?

No, I meant ieee754 DFP, where you either store the decimal digits in 
packed modulo-1000 groups, or as a binary mantissa with a decimal 
exponent/scaling value.

When you do math with these you have to handle all the required 
(financial?) rounding modes.

Terje

-- 
- <Terje.Mathisen at tmsw.no>
"almost all programming can be viewed as an exercise in caching"

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#113916

FromMitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid>
Date2025-11-03 19:03 +0000
Message-ID<1762196593-5857@newsgrouper.org>
In reply to#113901
Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> posted:

> MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> schrieb:
> >
> > Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> posted:
> 
> >> Actually, for the five required basic operations, you can always do the 
> >> op in the next higher precision, then round again down to the target, 
> >> and get exactly the same result.
> >
> > https://guillaume.melquiond.fr/doc/05-imacs17_1-article.pdf
> 
> The PowerISA version 3.0 introduced rounding to odd for its 128-bit
> floating point arithmetic, for that very reason (I assume).

Likely, My 66000 also has RNO and 
Round Nearest Random is defined but not yet available
Round Away from Zero is also defined and available.

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#113939

FromRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
Date2025-11-05 01:41 -0500
Message-ID<10eerip$719b$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#113916
On 2025-11-03 2:03 p.m., MitchAlsup wrote:
> 
> Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> posted:
> 
>> MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> schrieb:
>>>
>>> Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> posted:
>>
>>>> Actually, for the five required basic operations, you can always do the
>>>> op in the next higher precision, then round again down to the target,
>>>> and get exactly the same result.
>>>
>>> https://guillaume.melquiond.fr/doc/05-imacs17_1-article.pdf
>>
>> The PowerISA version 3.0 introduced rounding to odd for its 128-bit
>> floating point arithmetic, for that very reason (I assume).
> 
> Likely, My 66000 also has RNO and
> Round Nearest Random is defined but not yet available
> Round Away from Zero is also defined and available.

Round nearest random? How about round externally guided (RXG) by an 
input signal? For instance, the rounding could come from a feedback 
filter of some sort.

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#113962

FromMitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid>
Date2025-11-05 20:30 +0000
Message-ID<1762374605-5857@newsgrouper.org>
In reply to#113939
Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> posted:

> On 2025-11-03 2:03 p.m., MitchAlsup wrote:
> > 
> > Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> posted:
> > 
> >> MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> schrieb:
> >>>
> >>> Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> posted:
> >>
> >>>> Actually, for the five required basic operations, you can always do the
> >>>> op in the next higher precision, then round again down to the target,
> >>>> and get exactly the same result.
> >>>
> >>> https://guillaume.melquiond.fr/doc/05-imacs17_1-article.pdf
> >>
> >> The PowerISA version 3.0 introduced rounding to odd for its 128-bit
> >> floating point arithmetic, for that very reason (I assume).
> > 
> > Likely, My 66000 also has RNO and
> > Round Nearest Random is defined but not yet available
> > Round Away from Zero is also defined and available.
> 
> Round nearest random?

Another unbiased rounding mode. Not yet available because I don't have
a truly random source to guide the rounding.

>                       How about round externally guided (RXG) by an 
> input signal?

I guess that would be OK, but you could not make the statement that 
the rounding mode was unbiased.

>               For instance, the rounding could come from a feedback 
> filter of some sort.

Sure, just you can state "unbiased".

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#113905

FromRobert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com>
Date2025-11-02 09:39 -0500
Message-ID<10e7qev$25g0g$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#108284
Contemplating having conditional branch instructions branch to a target 
value in a register instead of using a displacement.

I think this has about the same code density as having a branch to a 
displacement from the IP.

Using a fused compare-and-branch instruction for Qupls4 there is not 
enough room in the instruction for a large branch displacement (10 
bits). So, my thought is to branch to a register value instead.
There is already an add-to-instruction-pointer instruction that can be 
used to generate relative addresses.

By moving the register load outside of a loop, the dynamic instruction 
count can be reduced. I think this solution is a bit better than having 
compare and branch as two separate instructions, or having an extended 
constant added to the branch instruction.

One gotcha may be that the branch target needs to be predicted as it 
cannot be calculated earlier in the pipeline.

The 10-bit displacement format could also be supported, but it is yet 
another branch instruction format. I may leave holes in the instruction 
set for future support, but I think it is best to start with just a 
single format.

Code:
AIPSI R3,1234	; add displacement to IP and store in R3 (hoist-able)
BLT R1,R2,R3		; branch to R3 if R1 < R2

Versus:
CMP R3,R1,R2
BLT R3,displacement

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#113915

FromThomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de>
Date2025-11-03 18:47 +0000
Message-ID<10eatc8$3385d$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#113905
Robert Finch <robfi680@gmail.com> schrieb:
> Contemplating having conditional branch instructions branch to a target 
> value in a register instead of using a displacement.
>
> I think this has about the same code density as having a branch to a 
> displacement from the IP.

Should be possible.  A question is if you want to have a special
register for that (like POWER's link register), tell the CPU
what the target is (like VEC in My66000) or just use a general
purpose register with a general-purpose instruction.

> Using a fused compare-and-branch instruction for Qupls4

Is that the name of your architecture, or an instruction?  (That
may have been mentioned upthread, in that case I don't remember).

> there is not 
> enough room in the instruction for a large branch displacement (10 
> bits). So, my thought is to branch to a register value instead.
> There is already an add-to-instruction-pointer instruction that can be 
> used to generate relative addresses.

That makes sense.

> By moving the register load outside of a loop, the dynamic instruction 
> count can be reduced. I think this solution is a bit better than having 
> compare and branch as two separate instructions, or having an extended 
> constant added to the branch instruction.

Are you talking about a normal loop condition or a jump out of
a loop?

> One gotcha may be that the branch target needs to be predicted as it 
> cannot be calculated earlier in the pipeline.

If you use a link register or a special instruction, the CPU could
do that.

> The 10-bit displacement format could also be supported, but it is yet 
> another branch instruction format. I may leave holes in the instruction 
> set for future support, but I think it is best to start with just a 
> single format.
>
> Code:
> AIPSI R3,1234	; add displacement to IP and store in R3 (hoist-able)
> BLT R1,R2,R3		; branch to R3 if R1 < R2
>
> Versus:
> CMP R3,R1,R2
> BLT R3,displacement

-- 
This USENET posting was made without artificial intelligence,
artificial impertinence, artificial arrogance, artificial stupidity,
artificial flavorings or artificial colorants.

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#113920 — branch splitting (was: Tonights Tradeoff)

Fromanton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl)
Date2025-11-04 07:50 +0000
Subjectbranch splitting (was: Tonights Tradeoff)
Message-ID<2025Nov4.085033@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at>
In reply to#113915
Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> writes:
>Should be possible.  A question is if you want to have a special
>register for that (like POWER's link register),

There is this idea of splitting an (indirect) branch into a
prepare-to-branch instruction and a take-branch instruction.  The
prepare-to-branch instruction announces the branch target to the CPU,
and Power's mtlr and mtctr are examples of that (somewhat muddled by
the fact that the ctr register can also be used for counted loops as
well as for indirect branches), and IA-64's branch-target registers
and the instructions that move there are another example.  AFAIK SPARC
acquired something in this direction (touted as good for accelerating
Java) in the early 2000s.  The take-branch instruction on Power is
blr/bctr.

I used to think that this kind of splitting is a good idea, and it is
certainly better than a branch-delay slot or a branch with a fixed
number of delay slots.

But in practice, it turned out that Intel and AMD processors had much
better performance on indirect-branch intensive workloads in the early
2000s without this architectural feature.  What happened?

The IA-32 and AMD64 microarchitects implemented indirect-branch
prediction; in the early 2000s it was based on the BTB, which these
CPUs need for fast direct branching anyway.  They were not content
with that, and have implemented history-based indirect branch
predictors in the meantime, which improve the performance even more.

By contrast, Power and IA-64 implementations apparently rely on
getting the target-address early enough, and typically predict that
the indirect branch will go to the current contents of the
branch-target register when the front-end encounters the take-branch
instruction; but if the prepare-to-branch instruction is in the
instruction stream just before the take-branch instruction, it takes
several cycles until the prepare-to-branch actually can move the
target to the branch-target register.  In case of an OoO
implementation, the number of cycles tends to be longer.  It's
essentially a similar latency as in a branch misprediction.

That all would not be so bad, if the compilers would move the
prepare-to-branch instructions sufficiently far away from the
take-branch instruction.  But gcc certainly has not done so whenever I
looked at code it generated for PowerPC or IA-64.

Here is some data for code that focusses on indirect-branch
performance (with indirect branches that vary their targets), from
<https://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/threading/>:

Numbers are cycles per indirect branch, smaller is faster, the years
are the release dates of the CPUs:

First, machines from the early 2000s:

sub-		in-	              repl.
routine	direct	direct	switch	call switch CPU year
 9.6	 8.0     9.5	23.1	38.6        Alpha 21264B 800MHz ~2000
 4.7	 8.1	 9.5	19.0	21.3        Pentium III 1000MHz 2000
18.4	 8.5	10.3	24.5	29.0        Athlon 1200MHz 2000
 8.6	14.2	15.3	23.4	30.2        Pentium 4 2.26 2002
13.3	10.3	12.3	15.7	18.7        Itanium 2 (McKinley) 900MHz 2002
 5.7     9.2    12.3    16.3    17.9        PPC 7447A 1066MHz 2004
 7.8    12.8    12.9    30.2    39.0        PPC 970 2000MHz 2002

Ignore the first column (it uses call and return), the others all need
an indirect branch or indirect call ("call" column) per dispatch, with
varying amounts of other instructions; "direct" needs the least
instructions.

And here are results with some newer machines:

sub-		in-	              repl.
routine	direct	direct	switch	call switch CPU year
 4.9	 5.6	 4.3	 5.1	 7.64       Pentium M 755 2000MHz 2004
 4.4     2.2     2.0    20.3    18.6   3.3  Xeon E3-1220 3100MHz 2011
 4.0     2.3     2.3     4.0     5.1   3.5  Core i7-4790K 4400MHz 2013
 4.2     2.1     2.0     4.9     5.2   2.7  Core i5-6600K 4000MHz 2015
 5.7     3.2     3.9     7.0     8.6   3.7  Cortex-A73 1800MHz 2016
 4.2     3.3     3.2    17.9    23.1   4.2  Ryzen 5 1600X 3600MHz 2017
 6.9    24.5    27.3    37.1    33.5  36.6  Power9 3800MHz 2017
 3.8     1.0     1.1     3.8     6.2   2.2  Core i5-1135G7 4200MHz 2020

The age of the Pentium M would suggest putting it into the earlier
table, but given its clear performance-per-clock advantage over the
other IA-32 and AMD64 CPUs of its day, it was probably the first CPU
to have a history-based indirect-branch predictor.

It seems that, while the AMD64 microarchitectures improved not just in
clock rate, but also in performance per clock for this microbenchmark
(thanks to history-based indirect-branch predictors), the Power 9
still relies on its split-branch architectural feature, resulting in
slowness.  And it's not just slowness in "direct", but the additional
instructions in the other benchmarks add more cycles than in most
other CPUs.

Particularly notable is the Core i5-1135G7, which takes one indirect
branch per cycle.

I have to take additional measurements with other Power and AMD64
processors.

Couldn't the Power and IA-64 CPUs use history-based branch prediction,
too?  Of course, but then it would be even more obvious that the
split-branch architecture provides no benefit.

Bottom line: History-based branch prediction has won, any kind of
delayed branches (including split-branch designs) turn out to be a bad idea.

>tell the CPU
>what the target is (like VEC in My66000)

I have no idea what VEC does, but all indirect-branch architectures
are about telling the CPU what the target is.

> just use a general
>purpose register with a general-purpose instruction.

That turns out to be the winner.

>> One gotcha may be that the branch target needs to be predicted as it 
>> cannot be calculated earlier in the pipeline.

If you want to be able to perform one taken branch per cycle (or
more), you always need prediction.

>If you use a link register or a special instruction, the CPU could
>do that.

It turns out that this does not work well in practice.

- anton
-- 
'Anyone trying for "industrial quality" ISA should avoid undefined behavior.'
  Mitch Alsup, <c17fcd89-f024-40e7-a594-88a85ac10d20o@googlegroups.com>

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#113928 — Re: branch splitting (was: Tonights Tradeoff)

FromMitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid>
Date2025-11-04 19:15 +0000
SubjectRe: branch splitting (was: Tonights Tradeoff)
Message-ID<1762283731-5857@newsgrouper.org>
In reply to#113920
anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) posted:

> Thomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de> writes:
> >Should be possible.  A question is if you want to have a special
> >register for that (like POWER's link register),
> 
> There is this idea of splitting an (indirect) branch into a
> prepare-to-branch instruction and a take-branch instruction.  The

I first heard about this 1982 from Burton Smith.

> prepare-to-branch instruction announces the branch target to the CPU,
> and Power's mtlr and mtctr are examples of that (somewhat muddled by
> the fact that the ctr register can also be used for counted loops as
> well as for indirect branches), and IA-64's branch-target registers
> and the instructions that move there are another example.  AFAIK SPARC
> acquired something in this direction (touted as good for accelerating
> Java) in the early 2000s.  The take-branch instruction on Power is
> blr/bctr.
> 
> I used to think that this kind of splitting is a good idea, and it is
> certainly better than a branch-delay slot or a branch with a fixed
> number of delay slots.

PL/1 allows for Label variables so one can build their own
switches (and state machines with variable paths). I used
these in a checkers playing program 1974.
 
> But in practice, it turned out that Intel and AMD processors had much
> better performance on indirect-branch intensive workloads in the early
> 2000s without this architectural feature.  What happened?

We threw HW at the problem.
 
> The IA-32 and AMD64 microarchitects implemented indirect-branch
> prediction; in the early 2000s it was based on the BTB, which these
> CPUs need for fast direct branching anyway.  They were not content
> with that, and have implemented history-based indirect branch
> predictors in the meantime, which improve the performance even more.
> 
> By contrast, Power and IA-64 implementations apparently rely on
> getting the target-address early enough, and typically predict that
> the indirect branch will go to the current contents of the
> branch-target register when the front-end encounters the take-branch
> instruction; but if the prepare-to-branch instruction is in the
> instruction stream just before the take-branch instruction, it takes
> several cycles until the prepare-to-branch actually can move the
> target to the branch-target register.  In case of an OoO
> implementation, the number of cycles tends to be longer.  It's
> essentially a similar latency as in a branch misprediction.
> 
> That all would not be so bad, if the compilers would move the
> prepare-to-branch instructions sufficiently far away from the
> take-branch instruction.  But gcc certainly has not done so whenever I
> looked at code it generated for PowerPC or IA-64.
> 
> Here is some data for code that focusses on indirect-branch
> performance (with indirect branches that vary their targets), from
> <https://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/forth/threading/>:
> 
> Numbers are cycles per indirect branch, smaller is faster, the years
> are the release dates of the CPUs:
> 
> First, machines from the early 2000s:
> 
> sub-		in-	              repl.
> routine	direct	direct	switch	call switch CPU year
>  9.6	 8.0     9.5	23.1	38.6        Alpha 21264B 800MHz ~2000
>  4.7	 8.1	 9.5	19.0	21.3        Pentium III 1000MHz 2000
> 18.4	 8.5	10.3	24.5	29.0        Athlon 1200MHz 2000
>  8.6	14.2	15.3	23.4	30.2        Pentium 4 2.26 2002
> 13.3	10.3	12.3	15.7	18.7        Itanium 2 (McKinley) 900MHz 2002
>  5.7     9.2    12.3    16.3    17.9        PPC 7447A 1066MHz 2004
>  7.8    12.8    12.9    30.2    39.0        PPC 970 2000MHz 2002
> 
> Ignore the first column (it uses call and return), the others all need
> an indirect branch or indirect call ("call" column) per dispatch, with
> varying amounts of other instructions; "direct" needs the least
> instructions.
> 
> And here are results with some newer machines:
> 
> sub-		in-	              repl.
> routine	direct	direct	switch	call switch CPU year
>  4.9	 5.6	 4.3	 5.1	 7.64       Pentium M 755 2000MHz 2004
>  4.4     2.2     2.0    20.3    18.6   3.3  Xeon E3-1220 3100MHz 2011
>  4.0     2.3     2.3     4.0     5.1   3.5  Core i7-4790K 4400MHz 2013
>  4.2     2.1     2.0     4.9     5.2   2.7  Core i5-6600K 4000MHz 2015
>  5.7     3.2     3.9     7.0     8.6   3.7  Cortex-A73 1800MHz 2016
>  4.2     3.3     3.2    17.9    23.1   4.2  Ryzen 5 1600X 3600MHz 2017
>  6.9    24.5    27.3    37.1    33.5  36.6  Power9 3800MHz 2017
>  3.8     1.0     1.1     3.8     6.2   2.2  Core i5-1135G7 4200MHz 2020
> 
> The age of the Pentium M would suggest putting it into the earlier
> table, but given its clear performance-per-clock advantage over the
> other IA-32 and AMD64 CPUs of its day, it was probably the first CPU
> to have a history-based indirect-branch predictor.
> 
> It seems that, while the AMD64 microarchitectures improved not just in
> clock rate, but also in performance per clock for this microbenchmark
> (thanks to history-based indirect-branch predictors), the Power 9
> still relies on its split-branch architectural feature, resulting in
> slowness.  And it's not just slowness in "direct", but the additional
> instructions in the other benchmarks add more cycles than in most
> other CPUs.
> 
> Particularly notable is the Core i5-1135G7, which takes one indirect
> branch per cycle.
> 
> I have to take additional measurements with other Power and AMD64
> processors.
> 
> Couldn't the Power and IA-64 CPUs use history-based branch prediction,
> too?  Of course, but then it would be even more obvious that the
> split-branch architecture provides no benefit.
> 
> Bottom line: History-based branch prediction has won, any kind of
> delayed branches (including split-branch designs) turn out to be 
> a bad idea.

Or "Never bet against branch prediction".
 
> >tell the CPU
> >what the target is (like VEC in My66000)
> 
> I have no idea what VEC does, but all indirect-branch architectures
> are about telling the CPU what the target is.

VEC is the bracket at the top of a loop. VEC supplies a register
which will contain the address of the instruction at the top of 
the loop, and a 21-bit-vector use to specify those registers which
are "Live" out of the loop. VEC is "executed" as the loop is entered
and then not again until the loop is entered again.

The LOOP instruction is the bottom bracket of the loop and performs
the ADD-CMP-BC sequence as a single instruction. There are 3 flavors
{counted, value terminated, counter value terminated} that use the
3 registers similarly but differently.
 
> > just use a general
> >purpose register with a general-purpose instruction.
> 
> That turns out to be the winner.
> 
> >> One gotcha may be that the branch target needs to be predicted as it 
> >> cannot be calculated earlier in the pipeline.

With VEC-LOOP you are guaranteed that the branch and its target are 
100% correlated.
 
> If you want to be able to perform one taken branch per cycle (or
> more), you always need prediction.

Greater than 1 branch per FETCH latency.
 
> >If you use a link register or a special instruction, the CPU could
> >do that.
> 
> It turns out that this does not work well in practice.

Agreed.
 
> - anton

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#113931 — Re: branch splitting

FromTerje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no>
Date2025-11-04 22:44 +0100
SubjectRe: branch splitting
Message-ID<10eds3q$3v9cp$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#113928
MitchAlsup wrote:
> 
> anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) posted:
> 
>> Bottom line: History-based branch prediction has won, any kind of
>> delayed branches (including split-branch designs) turn out to be
>> a bad idea.
> 
> Or "Never bet against branch prediction".

I have probably mentioned this before, once or twice, but I'm actually 
quite proud of the meeting I had with Intel Santa Clara in the spring of 
1995:

I had (accidentally) written the first public mention of the FDIV bug 
(on comp.sys.intel) in Oct 1994, then together with Cleve Moler of 
MathWorks/MatLab fame led the effort to develop a minimum cost sw 
workaround for the bug. (My code became part of all/most x86 compiler 
runtimes for the next few years.)

Due to this Intel invited me to receive an early engineering prototype 
of the PentiumPro, together with an NDA-covered briefing about its 
architecture.

Before the start of that briefing I suggested that I should start off on 
the blackboard by showing what I had been able to figure out on my own, 
then I proceeded to pretty much exactly cover every single feature on 
the cpu, with one glaring exception:

Based on the useful but not great branch predictor on the Pentium I told 
them that I expected the P6 to employ eager execution, i.e execute both 
ways of one or two layers of branches, discarding the non-taken paths as 
the branch direction info became available.

That's the point when they got to brag about how having a much, much 
better branch predictor was better both from a performance and a power 
viewpoint, since out of order execution could predict much deeper than 
any eager execution would have the resources for.

As you said: "Never bet against branch prediction".

Terje

-- 
- <Terje.Mathisen at tmsw.no>
"almost all programming can be viewed as an exercise in caching"

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#113935 — Re: branch splitting

FromMitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid>
Date2025-11-05 00:44 +0000
SubjectRe: branch splitting
Message-ID<1762303458-5857@newsgrouper.org>
In reply to#113931
Terje Mathisen <terje.mathisen@tmsw.no> posted:

> MitchAlsup wrote:
> > 
> > anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) posted:
> > 
> >> Bottom line: History-based branch prediction has won, any kind of
> >> delayed branches (including split-branch designs) turn out to be
> >> a bad idea.
> > 
> > Or "Never bet against branch prediction".
> 
> I have probably mentioned this before, once or twice, but I'm actually 
> quite proud of the meeting I had with Intel Santa Clara in the spring of 
> 1995:
> 
> I had (accidentally) written the first public mention of the FDIV bug 
> (on comp.sys.intel) in Oct 1994, then together with Cleve Moler of 
> MathWorks/MatLab fame led the effort to develop a minimum cost sw 
> workaround for the bug. (My code became part of all/most x86 compiler 
> runtimes for the next few years.)
> 
> Due to this Intel invited me to receive an early engineering prototype 
> of the PentiumPro, together with an NDA-covered briefing about its 
> architecture.
> 
> Before the start of that briefing I suggested that I should start off on 
> the blackboard by showing what I had been able to figure out on my own, 
> then I proceeded to pretty much exactly cover every single feature on 
> the cpu, with one glaring exception:
> 
> Based on the useful but not great branch predictor on the Pentium I told 
> them that I expected the P6 to employ eager execution, i.e execute both 
> ways of one or two layers of branches, discarding the non-taken paths as 
> the branch direction info became available.
> 
> That's the point when they got to brag about how having a much, much 
> better branch predictor was better both from a performance and a power 
> viewpoint, since out of order execution could predict much deeper than 
> any eager execution would have the resources for.

I remember you relating this story about 6-8 years ago.
 
> As you said: "Never bet against branch prediction".
> 
> Terje
>

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#113944 — Re: branch splitting

FromBGB <cr88192@gmail.com>
Date2025-11-05 01:00 -0600
SubjectRe: branch splitting
Message-ID<10eesmr$7d4s$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#113931
On 11/4/2025 3:44 PM, Terje Mathisen wrote:
> MitchAlsup wrote:
>>
>> anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) posted:
>>
>>> Bottom line: History-based branch prediction has won, any kind of
>>> delayed branches (including split-branch designs) turn out to be
>>> a bad idea.
>>
>> Or "Never bet against branch prediction".
> 
> I have probably mentioned this before, once or twice, but I'm actually 
> quite proud of the meeting I had with Intel Santa Clara in the spring of 
> 1995:
> 
> I had (accidentally) written the first public mention of the FDIV bug 
> (on comp.sys.intel) in Oct 1994, then together with Cleve Moler of 
> MathWorks/MatLab fame led the effort to develop a minimum cost sw 
> workaround for the bug. (My code became part of all/most x86 compiler 
> runtimes for the next few years.)
> 
> Due to this Intel invited me to receive an early engineering prototype 
> of the PentiumPro, together with an NDA-covered briefing about its 
> architecture.
> 
> Before the start of that briefing I suggested that I should start off on 
> the blackboard by showing what I had been able to figure out on my own, 
> then I proceeded to pretty much exactly cover every single feature on 
> the cpu, with one glaring exception:
> 
> Based on the useful but not great branch predictor on the Pentium I told 
> them that I expected the P6 to employ eager execution, i.e execute both 
> ways of one or two layers of branches, discarding the non-taken paths as 
> the branch direction info became available.
> 
> That's the point when they got to brag about how having a much, much 
> better branch predictor was better both from a performance and a power 
> viewpoint, since out of order execution could predict much deeper than 
> any eager execution would have the resources for.
> 
> As you said: "Never bet against branch prediction".
> 

Branch prediction is fun.


When I looked around online before, a lot of stuff about branch 
prediction was talking about fairly large and convoluted schemes for the 
branch predictors.

But, then always at the end of it using 2-bit saturating counters:
   weakly taken, weakly not-taken, strongly taken, strongly not taken.

But, in my fiddling, there was seemingly a simple but moderately 
effective strategy:
   Keep a local history of taken/not-taken;
   XOR this with the low-order-bits of PC for the table index;
   Use a 5/6-bit finite-state-machine or similar.
     Can model repeating patterns up to ~ 4 bits.

Where, the idea was that the state-machine in updated with the current 
state and branch direction, giving the next state and next predicted 
branch direction (for this state).


Could model slightly more complex patterns than the 2-bit saturating 
counters, but it is sort of a partial mystery why (for mainstream 
processors) more complex lookup schemes and 2 bit state, was preferable 
to a simpler lookup scheme and 5-bit state.

Well, apart from the relative "dark arts" needed to cram 4-bit patterns 
into a 5 bit FSM (is a bit easier if limiting the patterns to 3 bits).



Then again, had before noted that the LLMs are seemingly also not really 
able to figure out how to make a 5 bit FSM to model a full set of 4 bit 
patterns.


Then again, I wouldn't expect it to be all that difficult of a problem 
for someone that is "actually smart"; so presumably chip designers could 
have done similar.

Well, unless maybe the argument is that 5 or 6 bits of storage would 
cost more than 2 bits, but then presumably needing to have significantly 
larger tables (to compensate for the relative predictive weakness of 
2-bit state) would have costed more than the cost of smaller tables of 6 
bit state ?...

Say, for example, 2b:
  00_0 => 10_0  //Weakly not-taken, dir=0, goes strong not-taken
  00_1 => 01_0  //Weakly not-taken, dir=1, goes weakly taken
  01_0 => 00_1  //Weakly taken, dir=0, goes weakly not-taken
  01_1 => 11_1  //Weakly taken, dir=1, goes strongly taken
  10_0 => 10_0  //strongly not taken, dir=0
  10_1 => 00_0  //strongly not taken, dir=1 (goes weak)
  11_0 => 01_1  //strongly taken, dir=0
  11_1 => 11_1  //strongly taken, dir=1 (goes weak)

Can expand it to 3-bits, for 2-bit patterns
   As above, and 4-more alternating states
   And slightly different transition logic.
Say (abbreviated):
   000   weak, not taken
   001   weak, taken
   010   strong, not taken
   011   strong, taken
   100   weak, alternating, not-taken
   101   weak, alternating, taken
   110   strong, alternating, not-taken
   111   strong, alternating, taken
The alternating states just flip-flopping between taken and not taken.
   The weak states can more between any of the 4.
   The strong states used if the pattern is reinforced.

Going up to 3 bit patterns is more of the same (add another bit, 
doubling the number of states). Seemingly something goes nasty when 
getting to 4 bit patterns though (and can't fit both weak and strong 
states for longer patterns, so the 4b patterns effectively only exist as 
weak states which partly overlap with the weak states for the 3-bit 
patterns).

But, yeah, not going to type out state tables for these ones.


Not proven, but I suspect that an arbitrary 5 bit pattern within a 6 bit 
state might be impossible. Although there would be sufficient 
state-space for the looping 5-bit patterns, there may not be sufficient 
state-space to distinguish whether to move from a mismatched 4-bit 
pattern to a 3 or 5 bit pattern. Whereas, at least with 4-bit, any 
mismatch of the 4-bit pattern can always decay to a 3-bit pattern, etc. 
One needs to be able to express decay both to shorter patterns and to 
longer patterns, and I suspect at this point, the pattern breaks down 
(but can't easily confirm; it is either this or the pattern extends 
indefinitely, I don't know...).


Could almost have this sort of thing as a "brain teaser" puzzle or 
something...

Then again, maybe other people would not find any particular difficulty 
in these sorts of tasks.


> Terje
> 

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#113947 — Re: branch splitting

FromBGB <cr88192@gmail.com>
Date2025-11-05 01:38 -0600
SubjectRe: branch splitting
Message-ID<10eeutu$7d4s$2@dont-email.me>
In reply to#113944
On 11/5/2025 1:00 AM, BGB wrote:
> On 11/4/2025 3:44 PM, Terje Mathisen wrote:
>> MitchAlsup wrote:
>>>
>>> anton@mips.complang.tuwien.ac.at (Anton Ertl) posted:
>>>
>>>> Bottom line: History-based branch prediction has won, any kind of
>>>> delayed branches (including split-branch designs) turn out to be
>>>> a bad idea.
>>>
>>> Or "Never bet against branch prediction".
>>
>> I have probably mentioned this before, once or twice, but I'm actually 
>> quite proud of the meeting I had with Intel Santa Clara in the spring 
>> of 1995:
>>
>> I had (accidentally) written the first public mention of the FDIV bug 
>> (on comp.sys.intel) in Oct 1994, then together with Cleve Moler of 
>> MathWorks/MatLab fame led the effort to develop a minimum cost sw 
>> workaround for the bug. (My code became part of all/most x86 compiler 
>> runtimes for the next few years.)
>>
>> Due to this Intel invited me to receive an early engineering prototype 
>> of the PentiumPro, together with an NDA-covered briefing about its 
>> architecture.
>>
>> Before the start of that briefing I suggested that I should start off 
>> on the blackboard by showing what I had been able to figure out on my 
>> own, then I proceeded to pretty much exactly cover every single 
>> feature on the cpu, with one glaring exception:
>>
>> Based on the useful but not great branch predictor on the Pentium I 
>> told them that I expected the P6 to employ eager execution, i.e 
>> execute both ways of one or two layers of branches, discarding the 
>> non-taken paths as the branch direction info became available.
>>
>> That's the point when they got to brag about how having a much, much 
>> better branch predictor was better both from a performance and a power 
>> viewpoint, since out of order execution could predict much deeper than 
>> any eager execution would have the resources for.
>>
>> As you said: "Never bet against branch prediction".
>>
> 
> Branch prediction is fun.
> 
> 
> When I looked around online before, a lot of stuff about branch 
> prediction was talking about fairly large and convoluted schemes for the 
> branch predictors.
> 
> But, then always at the end of it using 2-bit saturating counters:
>    weakly taken, weakly not-taken, strongly taken, strongly not taken.
> 
> But, in my fiddling, there was seemingly a simple but moderately 
> effective strategy:
>    Keep a local history of taken/not-taken;
>    XOR this with the low-order-bits of PC for the table index;
>    Use a 5/6-bit finite-state-machine or similar.
>      Can model repeating patterns up to ~ 4 bits.
> 
> Where, the idea was that the state-machine in updated with the current 
> state and branch direction, giving the next state and next predicted 
> branch direction (for this state).
> 
> 
> Could model slightly more complex patterns than the 2-bit saturating 
> counters, but it is sort of a partial mystery why (for mainstream 
> processors) more complex lookup schemes and 2 bit state, was preferable 
> to a simpler lookup scheme and 5-bit state.
> 
> Well, apart from the relative "dark arts" needed to cram 4-bit patterns 
> into a 5 bit FSM (is a bit easier if limiting the patterns to 3 bits).
> 
> 
> 
> Then again, had before noted that the LLMs are seemingly also not really 
> able to figure out how to make a 5 bit FSM to model a full set of 4 bit 
> patterns.
> 


Errm...

I just decided to test it, and it appears Grok was able to figure it out 
(more or less).

This is concerning, either the AIs are getting smart enough to deal with 
semi-difficult problems; or in fact it is not difficult and I was just 
dumb for thinking there is any difficulty in working out the state 
tables for the longer patterns.

I tried before with DeepSeek R1 and similar, which had failed.


> 
> Then again, I wouldn't expect it to be all that difficult of a problem 
> for someone that is "actually smart"; so presumably chip designers could 
> have done similar.
> 
> Well, unless maybe the argument is that 5 or 6 bits of storage would 
> cost more than 2 bits, but then presumably needing to have significantly 
> larger tables (to compensate for the relative predictive weakness of 2- 
> bit state) would have costed more than the cost of smaller tables of 6 
> bit state ?...
> 
> Say, for example, 2b:
>   00_0 => 10_0  //Weakly not-taken, dir=0, goes strong not-taken
>   00_1 => 01_0  //Weakly not-taken, dir=1, goes weakly taken
>   01_0 => 00_1  //Weakly taken, dir=0, goes weakly not-taken
>   01_1 => 11_1  //Weakly taken, dir=1, goes strongly taken
>   10_0 => 10_0  //strongly not taken, dir=0
>   10_1 => 00_0  //strongly not taken, dir=1 (goes weak)
>   11_0 => 01_1  //strongly taken, dir=0
>   11_1 => 11_1  //strongly taken, dir=1 (goes weak)
> 
> Can expand it to 3-bits, for 2-bit patterns
>    As above, and 4-more alternating states
>    And slightly different transition logic.
> Say (abbreviated):
>    000   weak, not taken
>    001   weak, taken
>    010   strong, not taken
>    011   strong, taken
>    100   weak, alternating, not-taken
>    101   weak, alternating, taken
>    110   strong, alternating, not-taken
>    111   strong, alternating, taken
> The alternating states just flip-flopping between taken and not taken.
>    The weak states can more between any of the 4.
>    The strong states used if the pattern is reinforced.
> 
> Going up to 3 bit patterns is more of the same (add another bit, 
> doubling the number of states). Seemingly something goes nasty when 
> getting to 4 bit patterns though (and can't fit both weak and strong 
> states for longer patterns, so the 4b patterns effectively only exist as 
> weak states which partly overlap with the weak states for the 3-bit 
> patterns).
> 
> But, yeah, not going to type out state tables for these ones.
> 
> 
> Not proven, but I suspect that an arbitrary 5 bit pattern within a 6 bit 
> state might be impossible. Although there would be sufficient state- 
> space for the looping 5-bit patterns, there may not be sufficient state- 
> space to distinguish whether to move from a mismatched 4-bit pattern to 
> a 3 or 5 bit pattern. Whereas, at least with 4-bit, any mismatch of the 
> 4-bit pattern can always decay to a 3-bit pattern, etc. One needs to be 
> able to express decay both to shorter patterns and to longer patterns, 
> and I suspect at this point, the pattern breaks down (but can't easily 
> confirm; it is either this or the pattern extends indefinitely, I don't 
> know...).
> 
> 
> Could almost have this sort of thing as a "brain teaser" puzzle or 
> something...
> 
> Then again, maybe other people would not find any particular difficulty 
> in these sorts of tasks.
> 

But, alas, sometimes I wonder if I am just kinda stupid and everyone 
else has already kinda figured this out, but doesn't say much...

Like, just smart enough to do the things that I do, but not so much 
otherwise... In theory, I am kinda OK, but often it mostly seems like I 
mostly just suck at everything.


> 
>> Terje
>>
> 

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#113963 — Re: branch splitting

FromMitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid>
Date2025-11-05 20:43 +0000
SubjectRe: branch splitting
Message-ID<1762375438-5857@newsgrouper.org>
In reply to#113944
BGB <cr88192@gmail.com> posted:

> On 11/4/2025 3:44 PM, Terje Mathisen wrote:
> > MitchAlsup wrote:
---------------
> > 
> > As you said: "Never bet against branch prediction".
> > 
> 
> Branch prediction is fun.
> 
> 
> When I looked around online before, a lot of stuff about branch 
> prediction was talking about fairly large and convoluted schemes for the 
> branch predictors.
> 
> But, then always at the end of it using 2-bit saturating counters:
>    weakly taken, weakly not-taken, strongly taken, strongly not taken.
> 
> But, in my fiddling, there was seemingly a simple but moderately 
> effective strategy:
>    Keep a local history of taken/not-taken;
>    XOR this with the low-order-bits of PC for the table index;
>    Use a 5/6-bit finite-state-machine or similar.
>      Can model repeating patterns up to ~ 4 bits.
> 
> Where, the idea was that the state-machine in updated with the current 
> state and branch direction, giving the next state and next predicted 
> branch direction (for this state).
> 
> 
> Could model slightly more complex patterns than the 2-bit saturating 
> counters, but it is sort of a partial mystery why (for mainstream 
> processors) more complex lookup schemes and 2 bit state, was preferable 
> to a simpler lookup scheme and 5-bit state.

In 1991 Mike Shebanow, Tse-Yu Yeh, and I tried out a Correlation predictor
where strings of {T, !T}** were pattern matched to create a prediction.
While it was somewhat competitive with Global History Table, it ultimately
failed.

I am now working on predictors for a 6-wide My 66000 machine--which is a bit
different.
a) VEC-LOOP loops do not alter the branch prediction tables.
b) Predication clauses do not alter the BPTs.
c) Jump Through Table is not predicted through jump indirect table-like
   prediction, what is predicted is the value (switch variable) and this
   is used to index the table (early)
d) CMOV gets rid of another 8%

These strip out about 40% of branches from needing prediction, causing
the remaining branches to be harder to predict but having less total
latency in execution.

-----------------
> Not proven, but I suspect that an arbitrary 5 bit pattern within a 6 bit 
> state might be impossible. Although there would be sufficient 
> state-space for the looping 5-bit patterns, there may not be sufficient 
> state-space to distinguish whether to move from a mismatched 4-bit 
> pattern to a 3 or 5 bit pattern. Whereas, at least with 4-bit, any 
> mismatch of the 4-bit pattern can always decay to a 3-bit pattern, etc. 
> One needs to be able to express decay both to shorter patterns and to 
> longer patterns, and I suspect at this point, the pattern breaks down 
> (but can't easily confirm; it is either this or the pattern extends 
> indefinitely, I don't know...).

Tried some of these (1991) mostly with little to no success.
Be my guest and try again.

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#114879 — Re: branch splitting

FromPaul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com>
Date2026-02-08 10:24 -0500
SubjectRe: branch splitting
Message-ID<10mb613$2brnl$2@dont-email.me>
In reply to#113963
On 11/5/25 3:43 PM, MitchAlsup wrote:
[snip]
> I am now working on predictors for a 6-wide My 66000 machine--which is a bit
> different.
> a) VEC-LOOP loops do not alter the branch prediction tables.
> b) Predication clauses do not alter the BPTs.

Not recording the history of predicates may have a negative
effect on global history predictors. (I do not know if anyone
has studied this, but it has been mentioned — e.g.,
"[predication] has a negative side-effect because the removal
of branches eliminates useful correlation information
necessary for conventional branch predictors" from "Improving 
Branch Prediction and Predicated Execution in Out-of-Order
Processors", Eduardo Quiñones et al., 2007.)

Predicate prediction can also be useful when the availability
of the predicate is delayed. Similarly, selective eager
execution might be worthwhile when the predicate is delayed;
the selection is likely to be predictive (resource use might
be a basis for selection but even estimating that might be
predictive).

With predication of all short forward branches in order to
avoid fetch bubbles, the impact of delayed predicate
availability and missing information for branch prediction
may be greater than for more selective predication.

There may also be some short forward branches that are 99%
taken such that converting to a longer branch with a jump back
may be a better option. With trace-cache-like optimization,
such branched over code could be removed from fetch even when
the compiler used a short branch. Dynamic code organization
has the advantage of being able to use dynamically available
information (and the disadvantage of gathering the information
and making a decision dynamically).

Something like a branch target cache could store extracted
instructions. This might facilitate stitching such
instructions back into the instruction stream with limited
overhead. Since this would only work for usually taken
hammock branches, it would probably not be worthwhile. For
if-then-else constructs, one might place both paths in
separate entries in such a target cache and always stitch
in one of them, but that seems wonky.

I rather doubt the benefits of such would justify the added
complexity — almost certainly not in a first or second
implementation of an architecture — but I would not want to
reject future possible adoption of such techniques.

My guess would be that most short forward branches would not
use an extracted code cache either because they are generally
not taken so there is no fetch advantage or because the branch
direction in unpredictable such that predication likely makes
more sense and fetching from two structures just adds
complexity.

For highly unlikely code, an extracted cache might have
higher latency (from placement, from deferred access to use
better prediction, or from more complex retrieval). Stalling
renaming when a longer-latency insertion is predicted seems
undesirable (though it may have negligible performance harm),
but including just enough dataflow information in the quicker
accessed caches to support out-of-order fetch seems
complicated.

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#114891 — Re: branch splitting

FromMitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid>
Date2026-02-09 19:20 +0000
SubjectRe: branch splitting
Message-ID<1770664801-5857@newsgrouper.org>
In reply to#114879
Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> posted:

> On 11/5/25 3:43 PM, MitchAlsup wrote:
> [snip]
> > I am now working on predictors for a 6-wide My 66000 machine--which is a bit
> > different.
> > a) VEC-LOOP loops do not alter the branch prediction tables.
> > b) Predication clauses do not alter the BPTs.
> 
> Not recording the history of predicates may have a negative
> effect on global history predictors. (I do not know if anyone
> has studied this, but it has been mentioned — e.g.,
> "[predication] has a negative side-effect because the removal
> of branches eliminates useful correlation information
> necessary for conventional branch predictors" from "Improving 
> Branch Prediction and Predicated Execution in Out-of-Order
> Processors", Eduardo Quiñones et al., 2007.)

It depends on where you are looking! If you think branch prediction
alters where FETCH is Fetching, then MY 66000 predication does not
do predication prediction--predication is used when the join point
will have already been fetched by the time the condition is known.
Then, either the then clause or the else clause will be nullified
without backup (i.e., branch prediction repair).

DECODE is still able to predict then-clause versus else-clause
and maintain the no-backup property, as long as both sides are
issued into the execution window.
 
> Predicate prediction can also be useful when the availability
> of the predicate is delayed. Similarly, selective eager
> execution might be worthwhile when the predicate is delayed;
> the selection is likely to be predictive (resource use might
> be a basis for selection but even estimating that might be
> predictive).

The difference is that predication prediction never needs branch
prediction repair.

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#115722 — Re: branch splitting

FromThomas Koenig <tkoenig@netcologne.de>
Date2026-04-05 06:49 +0000
SubjectRe: branch splitting
Message-ID<10qt0ks$185o3$1@dont-email.me>
In reply to#114891
MitchAlsup <user5857@newsgrouper.org.invalid> schrieb:
>
> Paul Clayton <paaronclayton@gmail.com> posted:
>
>> On 11/5/25 3:43 PM, MitchAlsup wrote:
>> [snip]
>> > I am now working on predictors for a 6-wide My 66000 machine--which is a bit
>> > different.
>> > a) VEC-LOOP loops do not alter the branch prediction tables.
>> > b) Predication clauses do not alter the BPTs.
>> 
>> Not recording the history of predicates may have a negative
>> effect on global history predictors. (I do not know if anyone
>> has studied this, but it has been mentioned — e.g.,
>> "[predication] has a negative side-effect because the removal
>> of branches eliminates useful correlation information
>> necessary for conventional branch predictors" from "Improving 
>> Branch Prediction and Predicated Execution in Out-of-Order
>> Processors", Eduardo Quiñones et al., 2007.)
>
> It depends on where you are looking! If you think branch prediction
> alters where FETCH is Fetching, then MY 66000 predication does not
> do predication prediction--predication is used when the join point
> will have already been fetched by the time the condition is known.
> Then, either the then clause or the else clause will be nullified
> without backup (i.e., branch prediction repair).
>
> DECODE is still able to predict then-clause versus else-clause
> and maintain the no-backup property, as long as both sides are
> issued into the execution window.
>  
>> Predicate prediction can also be useful when the availability
>> of the predicate is delayed. Similarly, selective eager
>> execution might be worthwhile when the predicate is delayed;
>> the selection is likely to be predictive (resource use might
>> be a basis for selection but even estimating that might be
>> predictive).
>
> The difference is that predication prediction never needs branch
> prediction repair.

What happens to the instructions after the predicate?

Let's say we have 

[...]
	peq0	r1,tf
	mov	r2,#24
	mov	r2,#48
	ldd	r3,[r4,r2,0]
[...]

can the ldd be speculatively executed or not? And what happens if the
prediction was wrong?


-- 
This USENET posting was made without artificial intelligence,
artificial impertinence, artificial arrogance, artificial stupidity,
artificial flavorings or artificial colorants.

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